CINBIO (Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas), Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Ourense, Edificio Politécnico, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
Mar Drugs. 2023 Jan 25;21(2):83. doi: 10.3390/md21020083.
The development of greener processes for the sustainable utilization of raw materials is increasingly demanded for environmental and economic reasons. A rapid and chemical-free technique was proposed for the extraction of hybrid kappa/iota (6/4) carrageenan from () . After separation, carrageenans were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance, high-performance size-exclusion chromatography, and rheology. Maximum carrageenan extraction yields up to 63-64% were obtained operating at 110 or at 160 °C, for 5-7 min considering the sum of the heating and cooling periods, but the extraction of the phenolic fraction was favored at 220 °C. The recovered carrageenan showed apparent viscous values around 10 mPa at the lowest tested shear rates (0.1 1/s) and could be suitable to formulate films. Furthermore, those carrageenans obtained under 140 °C showed gel characteristics without previous separation from the liquid extract, avoiding ethanolic precipitation and energy consumption. The antiradical properties correlated with the phenolic content in the liquid phase, but no influence of temperature on the reducing properties was observed. The microwave-assisted hydrothermal treatment could be an efficient tool without needing chemicals for the extraction of carrageenans, which showed adequate rheological properties for commercial uses.
出于环境和经济原因，人们越来越需要开发更绿色的工艺来可持续利用原材料。本文提出了一种快速且无需化学试剂的技术，用于从（）中提取混合κ/ι（6/4）卡拉胶。分离后，通过傅里叶变换衰减全反射红外光谱、高效尺寸排阻色谱和流变学分析卡拉胶。考虑到加热和冷却周期的总和，在 110°C 或 160°C 下操作 5-7 分钟，可获得高达 63-64%的最大卡拉胶提取率，但在 220°C 时有利于提取酚类部分。回收的卡拉胶在最低测试剪切速率（0.1 1/s）下表现出约 10 mPa 的明显粘性值，可适用于配方成膜。此外，在 140°C 以下获得的卡拉胶在没有从液体提取物中预先分离的情况下具有凝胶特性，避免了乙醇沉淀和能源消耗。自由基清除活性与液相中的酚类含量相关，但观察到温度对还原性能没有影响。微波辅助湿热处理可以是一种有效的工具，无需使用化学物质即可提取卡拉胶，其流变性能适用于商业用途。
