Wei Kai, Zhao Tian, Fang Xiujie, Xu Zitong, Liu Chang, Cao Qian, Wickenbrock Arne, Hu Yanhui, Ji Wei, Fang Jiancheng, Budker Dmitry
School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-electronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
Hangzhou Extremely Weak Magnetic Field Major Science and Technology Infrastructure Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310051, China.
Phys Rev Lett. 2023 Feb 10;130(6):063201. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.063201.
Achieving high energy resolution in spin systems is important for fundamental physics research and precision measurements, with alkali-noble-gas comagnetometers being among the best available sensors. We found a new relaxation mechanism in such devices, the gradient of the Fermi-contact-interaction field that dominates the relaxation of hyperpolarized nuclear spins. We report on precise control over spin distribution, demonstrating a tenfold increase of nuclear spin hyperpolarization and transverse coherence time with optimal hybrid optical pumping. Operating in the self-compensation regime, our ^{21}Ne-Rb-K comagnetometer achieves an ultrahigh inertial rotation sensitivity of 3×10^{-8} rad/s/Hz^{1/2} in the frequency range from 0.2 to 1.0 Hz, which is equivalent to the energy resolution of 3.1×10^{-23} eV/Hz^{1/2}. We propose to use this comagnetometer to search for exotic spin-dependent interactions involving proton and neutron spins. The projected sensitivity surpasses the previous experimental and astrophysical limits by more than 4 orders of magnitude.
在自旋系统中实现高能量分辨率对于基础物理研究和精密测量至关重要，碱金属-稀有气体共磁强计是目前最好的传感器之一。我们在这类装置中发现了一种新的弛豫机制，即费米接触相互作用场的梯度，它主导着超极化核自旋的弛豫。我们报告了对自旋分布的精确控制，通过优化的混合光泵浦，核自旋超极化和横向相干时间增加了十倍。在自补偿模式下运行，我们的(^{21}Ne-Rb-K)共磁强计在(0.2)至(1.0)赫兹的频率范围内实现了(3×10^{-8})rad/s/Hz(^{1/2})的超高惯性旋转灵敏度，这相当于(3.1×10^{-23})eV/Hz(^{1/2})的能量分辨率。我们建议使用这种共磁强计来寻找涉及质子和中子自旋的奇异自旋相关相互作用。预计的灵敏度比之前的实验和天体物理极限高出四个多数量级。
