Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Fuente Nueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
Toxins (Basel). 2023 Feb 4;15(2):127. doi: 10.3390/toxins15020127.
In recent years, the consumption of blue-green algae (BGA) dietary supplements is increasing because of their health benefits. However, cyanobacteria can produce cyanotoxins, which present serious health risks. In this work we propose hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS) to determine cyanotoxins in BGA dietary supplements. Target toxins, including microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR) and microcystin-arginine-arginine (MC-RR), nodularin, anatoxin-a and three non-protein amino acids, β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA), 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) and N-(2-aminoethyl)glycine (AEG), were separated using a SeQuant ZIC-HILIC column. Cyanotoxin extraction was based on solid-liquid extraction (SLE) followed by a tandem-solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure using Strata-X and mixed-mode cation-exchange (MCX) cartridges. The method was validated for BGA dietary supplements obtaining quantification limits from 60 to 300 µg·kg. Nine different commercial supplements were analyzed, and DAB, AEG, and MCs were found in some samples, highlighting the relevance of monitoring these substances as precaution measures for the safe consumption of these products.
近年来，由于蓝绿藻 (BGA) 膳食补充剂具有健康益处，其消费正在增加。然而，蓝藻会产生蓝藻毒素，这会带来严重的健康风险。在这项工作中，我们提出了亲水相互作用液相色谱与串联质谱联用 (HILIC-MS/MS) 来测定 BGA 膳食补充剂中的蓝藻毒素。目标毒素包括微囊藻亮氨酸精氨酸 (MC-LR) 和微囊藻精氨酸精氨酸 (MC-RR)、节球藻毒素、anatoxin-a 和三种非蛋白氨基酸，β-N-甲基氨基-L-丙氨酸 (BMAA)、2,4-二氨基丁酸 (DAB) 和 N-(2-氨基乙基)甘氨酸 (AEG)，使用 SeQuant ZIC-HILIC 柱进行分离。蓝藻毒素提取基于固相萃取 (SLE) ，然后使用 Strata-X 和混合模式阳离子交换 (MCX) 小柱进行串联固相萃取 (SPE) 。该方法针对 BGA 膳食补充剂进行了验证，定量限为 60 至 300 µg·kg。分析了九种不同的商业补充剂，在一些样品中发现了 DAB、AEG 和 MCs，这突出了监测这些物质的重要性，作为这些产品安全消费的预防措施。
