Luzón-García María Pilar, Cabeza-Barrera María Isabel, Lozano-Serrano Ana Belén, Soriano-Pérez Manuel Jesús, Castillo-Fernández Nerea, Vázquez-Villegas José, Borrego-Jiménez Jaime, Salas-Coronas Joaquín
Tropical Medicine Unit, Hospital Universitario Poniente, Ctra. de Almerimar 31, 04700 El Ejido, Spain.
Tropical Medicine Unit, Distrito Poniente de Almería, 04700 El Ejido, Spain.
Trop Med Infect Dis. 2023 Jan 19;8(2):73. doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed8020073.
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease despite of being a major public health problem affecting nearly 240 million people in the world. Due to the migratory flow from endemic countries to Western countries, an increasing number of cases is being diagnosed in non-endemic areas, generally in migrants or people visiting these areas. Serology is the recommended method for screening and diagnosis of schistosomiasis in migrants from endemic regions. However, serological techniques have a highly variable sensitivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate retrospectively the sensitivity of three different serological tests used in real clinical practice for the screening and diagnosis of imported schistosomiasis in sub-Saharan migrant patients, using the detection of schistosome eggs in urine, faeces or tissues as the gold standard. We evaluated three different serological techniques in 405 sub-Saharan patients with confirmed schistosomiasis treated between 2004 and 2022: an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), an indirect haemagglutination assay (IHA) and an immunochromatographic test (ICT). The overall sensitivity values obtained with the different techniques were: 44.4% for IHA, 71.2% for ELISA and 94.7% for ICT, respectively. According to species, ICT showed the highest sensitivity (: 94%, : 93.3%; and /: 100%). In conclusion, our study shows that Schistosoma ICT has the best performance in real clinical practice, when compared to ELISA and IHA, in both and infections.
尽管血吸虫病是一个影响全球近2.4亿人的重大公共卫生问题，但它仍是一种被忽视的热带病。由于从流行国家向西方国家的移民流动，在非流行地区，通常是在移民或前往这些地区的人群中，被诊断出的病例越来越多。血清学是推荐用于筛查和诊断来自流行地区移民的血吸虫病的方法。然而，血清学技术的敏感性差异很大。本研究的目的是回顾性评估在实际临床实践中用于筛查和诊断撒哈拉以南移民患者输入性血吸虫病的三种不同血清学检测的敏感性，以尿液、粪便或组织中血吸虫卵的检测作为金标准。我们评估了2004年至2022年间接受治疗的405例确诊为血吸虫病的撒哈拉以南患者的三种不同血清学技术：酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）、间接血凝试验（IHA）和免疫层析试验（ICT）。不同技术获得的总体敏感性值分别为：IHA为44.4%，ELISA为71.2%，ICT为94.7%。根据血吸虫种类，ICT显示出最高的敏感性（：94%，：93.3%；和/：100%）。总之，我们的研究表明，在实际临床实践中，与ELISA和IHA相比，血吸虫免疫层析试验在和感染中表现最佳。
