Kulesza Agnieszka, Paczek Leszek, Burdzinska Anna
Department of Immunology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
Biomedicines. 2023 Feb 3;11(2):445. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11020445.
The ability of MSCs to modulate the inflammatory environment is well recognized, but understanding the molecular mechanisms responsible for these properties is still far from complete. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a product of the cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) pathway, is indicated as one of the key mediators in the immunomodulatory effect of MSCs. Due to the pleiotropic effect of this molecule, determining its role in particular intercellular interactions and aspects of cell functioning is very difficult. In this article, the authors attempt to summarize the previous observations regarding the role of PGE2 and COX-2 in the immunomodulatory properties and other vital functions of MSCs. So far, the most consistent results relate to the inhibitory effect of MSC-derived PGE2 on the early maturation of dendritic cells, suppressive effect on the proliferation of activated lymphocytes, and stimulatory effect on the differentiation of macrophages into M2 phenotype. Additionally, COX-2/PGE2 plays an important role in maintaining the basic life functions of MSCs, such as the ability to proliferate, migrate and differentiate, and it also positively affects the formation of niches that are conducive to both hematopoiesis and carcinogenesis.
间充质干细胞（MSCs）调节炎症环境的能力已得到广泛认可，但对于其相关特性的分子机制仍远未完全了解。前列腺素E2（PGE2）是环氧化酶2（COX-2）途径的产物，被认为是MSCs免疫调节作用的关键介质之一。由于该分子具有多效性，确定其在特定细胞间相互作用和细胞功能方面的作用非常困难。在本文中，作者试图总结先前关于PGE2和COX-2在MSCs免疫调节特性及其他重要功能中作用的观察结果。到目前为止，最一致的结果涉及MSCs来源的PGE2对树突状细胞早期成熟的抑制作用、对活化淋巴细胞增殖的抑制作用以及对巨噬细胞向M2表型分化的刺激作用。此外，COX-2/PGE2在维持MSCs的基本生命功能（如增殖、迁移和分化能力）方面发挥着重要作用，并且对有利于造血和致癌的生态位形成也有积极影响。
