Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
Cells. 2023 Feb 10;12(4):573. doi: 10.3390/cells12040573.
Ribosomal proteins (RPs) constitute the ribosome, thus participating in the protein biosynthesis process. Emerging studies have suggested that many RPs exhibit different expression levels across various tissues and function in a context-dependent manner for animal development. encodes the ribosomal protein S3, one component of the 40S subunit of ribosomes. We found that is highly expressed in the reproductive organs of adult flies and its depletion in male germline cells led to severe defects in sperm production and male fertility. Immunofluorescence staining showed that knockdown had little effect on early germ cell differentiation, but strongly disrupted the spermatid elongation and individualization processes. Furthermore, we observed abnormal morphology and activity of mitochondrial derivatives in the elongating spermatids of -knockdown testes, which could cause the failure of axoneme elongation. We also found that RNAi inhibited the formation of the individualization complex that takes charge of disassociating the spermatid bundle. In addition, excessive apoptotic cells were detected in the -knockdown testes, possibly to clean the defective spermatids. Together, our data demonstrated that RpS3 plays an important role in regulating spermatid elongation and individualization processes and, therefore, is required for normal spermatogenesis.
核糖体蛋白（RPs）构成核糖体，从而参与蛋白质生物合成过程。新出现的研究表明，许多 RPs 在不同组织中表现出不同的表达水平，并在动物发育过程中以依赖于上下文的方式发挥作用。 编码核糖体蛋白 S3，核糖体 40S 亚基的一个组成部分。我们发现 在成年果蝇的生殖器官中高度表达，其在精原细胞中的耗竭导致精子生成和雄性生育力严重缺陷。免疫荧光染色显示， 敲低对早期生殖细胞分化几乎没有影响，但强烈破坏了精子伸长和个体化过程。此外，我们观察到伸长的精子中的线粒体衍生物形态和活性异常，这可能导致轴丝伸长失败。我们还发现 RNAi 抑制负责分离精子束的个体化复合物的形成。此外，在 -敲低的睾丸中检测到过多的凋亡细胞，可能是为了清除有缺陷的精子。总之，我们的数据表明 RpS3 在调节精子伸长和个体化过程中起着重要作用，因此是正常 精子发生所必需的。
