Loizzo Annalivia, Zaccaria Valerio, Caravale Barbara, Di Brina Carlo
Centro di Riabilitazione Didasco, Via Pescosolido 160, 00158 Rome, Italy.
Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Sabelli 108, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Children (Basel). 2023 Jan 27;10(2):223. doi: 10.3390/children10020223.
Handwriting difficulties represent a common complaint among children and may cause a significant delay in motor skills achievement. The Concise Assessment Scale for Children's Handwriting (BHK) assesses handwriting skill in clinical and experimental settings, providing a quick evaluation of handwriting quality and speed through a copying text. The aim of the present study was to validate the Italian adaptation of the BHK in a representative primary school population. Overall, 562 children aged 7-11 from 16 public primary schools of Rome were included and asked to copy a text in 5 min using cursive handwriting. Handwriting quality and copying speed were measured. The included population followed a normal distribution for the BHK quality scores. Sex influenced the total quality scores, whereas school level influenced the copying speed. The BHK quality score was higher in girls ( < 0.05) and resulted as a stable parameter along the school years, without significant variations with regard to the years spent in handwriting exercise ( = 0.76). The handwriting speed was influenced by school level, and significant differences were found for each of the grades from the second to the fifth ( < 0.05), but not for gender ( = 0.47). Both BHK measures represent a helpful tool for the characterization and assessment of children with handwriting difficulties. The present study confirms that sex influences total BHK quality score, while school level influences handwriting speed.
书写困难是儿童中常见的问题，可能会导致运动技能发展显著延迟。儿童书写简明评估量表（BHK）可在临床和实验环境中评估书写技能，通过抄写文本快速评估书写质量和速度。本研究的目的是在具有代表性的小学人群中验证BHK的意大利语改编版。总体而言，来自罗马16所公立小学的562名7至11岁儿童被纳入研究，并被要求用草书在5分钟内抄写一段文本。测量了书写质量和抄写速度。纳入人群的BHK质量得分呈正态分布。性别影响总质量得分，而年级影响抄写速度。女孩的BHK质量得分更高（<0.05），并且在学年中是一个稳定的参数，与书写练习的年限没有显著差异（=0.76）。书写速度受年级影响，从二年级到五年级每个年级都存在显著差异（<0.05），但不受性别影响（=0.47）。BHK的两项测量都是表征和评估书写困难儿童的有用工具。本研究证实，性别影响BHK总质量得分，而年级影响书写速度。
