Lovegrove Alison, Dunn Jack, Pellny Till K, Hood Jessica, Burridge Amanda J, America Antoine H P, Gilissen Luud, Timmer Ruud, Proos-Huijsmans Zsuzsan A M, van Straaten Jan Philip, Jonkers Daisy, Ward Jane L, Brouns Fred, Shewry Peter R
Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK.
Life Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK.
Foods. 2023 Feb 16;12(4):843. doi: 10.3390/foods12040843.
Five cultivars of bread wheat and spelt and three of emmer were grown in replicate randomised field trials on two sites for two years with 100 and 200 kg nitrogen fertiliser per hectare, reflecting low input and intensive farming systems. Wholemeal flours were analysed for components that are suggested to contribute to a healthy diet. The ranges of all components overlapped between the three cereal types, reflecting the effects of both genotype and environment. Nevertheless, statistically significant differences in the contents of some components were observed. Notably, emmer and spelt had higher contents of protein, iron, zinc, magnesium, choline and glycine betaine, but also of asparagine (the precursor of acrylamide) and raffinose. By contrast, bread wheat had higher contents of the two major types of fibre, arabinoxylan (AX) and β-glucan, than emmer and a higher AX content than spelt. Although such differences in composition may be suggested to result in effects on metabolic parameters and health when studied in isolation, the final effects will depend on the quantity consumed and the composition of the overall diet.
五个面包小麦品种、五个斯佩尔特小麦品种和三个二粒小麦品种在两个地点进行了重复随机田间试验，为期两年，每公顷分别施用100公斤和200公斤氮肥，以反映低投入和集约化种植系统。对全麦粉进行了分析，以确定那些被认为有助于健康饮食的成分。这三种谷物类型的所有成分范围都有重叠，反映了基因型和环境的影响。然而，观察到某些成分的含量存在统计学上的显著差异。值得注意的是，二粒小麦和斯佩尔特小麦的蛋白质、铁、锌、镁、胆碱和甘氨酸甜菜碱含量较高，但天冬酰胺（丙烯酰胺的前体）和棉子糖含量也较高。相比之下，面包小麦的两种主要纤维类型，即阿拉伯木聚糖（AX）和β-葡聚糖，含量比二粒小麦高，AX含量比斯佩尔特小麦高。虽然单独研究时，这些成分差异可能会对代谢参数和健康产生影响，但最终影响将取决于食用量和总体饮食的组成。
