Gambling and Technological Addictions Research Unit, Psychology School, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb 7;20(4):2909. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20042909.
(1) Background: In the period between 2008 and 2020, the world experienced two global economic crises that affected people's way of life and well-being: the financial crisis of 2008 and that precipitated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the crises' radically different causes, their consequences for economic activity have been equally dramatic; (2) Methods: This article analyzes the consequences of both crises on gambling spending in Spain and compares traditional (offline) games with more recent online offerings. The data were collected from databases maintained by the Spanish government and gambling companies; (3) Results: The paper offers two main conclusions. The first is that, while traditional (offline) gambling has been significantly affected by economic crises, online gambling has exhibited consistent growth since its legalization. The second is that the measures implemented to resolve the two economic crises differed significantly and thus had different impacts on spending on the various types of gambling; (4) Conclusions: The key conclusion is that purchasing power (measured in terms of GDP) can only explain spending on less addictive gambling games, such as lotteries. However, the availability and accessibility of games are both directly related to spending on games of all types.
(1) 背景：在 2008 年至 2020 年期间，世界经历了两次影响人们生活方式和福祉的全球经济危机：2008 年的金融危机和由 COVID-19 大流行引发的危机。尽管两次危机的原因截然不同，但它们对经济活动的影响同样剧烈；(2) 方法：本文分析了这两次危机对西班牙赌博支出的影响，并比较了传统（线下）游戏和最近的在线产品。数据是从西班牙政府和博彩公司维护的数据库中收集的；(3) 结果：本文提出了两个主要结论。第一个结论是，虽然传统（线下）赌博受到经济危机的显著影响，但自合法化以来，在线赌博一直呈持续增长态势。第二个结论是，为解决这两次经济危机而实施的措施有很大的不同，因此对各种类型赌博支出的影响也不同；(4) 结论：关键结论是，购买力（以 GDP 衡量）只能解释彩票等成瘾性较低的赌博游戏的支出。然而，游戏的可用性和可及性都与所有类型游戏的支出直接相关。
