Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Belén, 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
Department of Physics, University of León, 24071 León, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb 8;20(4):2977. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20042977.
This study focuses on the analysis of the distribution, both spatial and temporal, of the PM (particulate matter with a diameter of 10 µm or less) concentrations recorded in nine EMEP (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme) background stations distributed throughout mainland Spain between 2001 and 2019. A study of hierarchical clusters was used to classify the stations into three main groups with similarities in yearly concentrations: GC (coastal location), GNC (north-central location), and GSE (southeastern location). The highest PM concentrations were registered in summer. Annual evolution showed statistically significant decreasing trends in PM concentration in all the stations covering a range from -0.21 to -0.50 µg m/year for Barcarrota and Víznar, respectively. Through the Lamb classification, the weather types were defined during the study period, and those associated with high levels of pollution were identified. Finally, the values exceeding the limits established by the legislation were analyzed for every station assessed in the study.
本研究集中分析了 2001 年至 2019 年间分布在西班牙大陆的 9 个欧洲环境监测网络（EMEP）背景站记录的 PM（直径为 10 µm 或以下的颗粒物）浓度的时空分布。使用层次聚类对站点进行分类，将具有相似年浓度的站点分为三个主要组：GC（沿海位置）、GNC（中北部位置）和 GSE（东南部位置）。PM 浓度最高的季节是夏季。年度演变表明，所有站点的 PM 浓度均呈统计学显著下降趋势，范围从巴卡尔罗塔和比兹纳尔的-0.21 至-0.50 µg m/年。通过 Lamb 分类法，在研究期间定义了天气类型，并确定了与高污染水平相关的天气类型。最后，分析了每个站点的 PM10 和 PM2.5 浓度值，以评估其是否超过法规所规定的限值。
