College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb 8;20(4):2999. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20042999.
Commercial nano-scale carbon blacks (CB) are being harnessed widely and may impose potentially hazardous effects because of their unique properties, especially if they have been modified to grow reactive functional groups on their surface. Cytotoxicity of CB has been well studied but the membrane damage mechanisms and role of surface modification are still open to debate. Negatively and positively charged giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) were prepared using three lipids as model cell membranes to examine the mechanistic damage of CB and MCB (modified by acidic potassium permanganate) aggregates. Optical images showed that both anionic CB and MCB disrupted the positively charged but not the negatively charged GUVs. This disruption deteriorated with the rise and extension of exposure concentration and time. Lipids extraction caused by CBNs (CB and MCB together are called CBNs) was found. MCB caused more severe disruption than CB. MCB was enveloped into vesicles through an endocytosis-like process at 120 mg/L. MCB mediated the gelation of GUVs, perhaps through C-O-P bonding bridges. The lower hydrodynamic diameter and more negative charges may have been responsible for the distinction effect of MCB over CB. The adhesion and bonding of CBNs to the membrane were favored by electrostatic interaction and the practical application of CBNs warrants more attention.
商用纳米级碳黑（CB）由于其独特的性质而被广泛应用，并可能产生潜在的危险影响，特别是如果它们已经被修饰以在其表面生长反应性官能团。CB 的细胞毒性已经得到了很好的研究，但膜损伤机制和表面修饰的作用仍存在争议。使用三种脂质作为模型细胞膜制备了带负电和带正电的巨大单层囊泡（GUV），以检查 CB 和 MCB（用酸性高锰酸钾修饰）聚集体的机械损伤机制。光学图像显示，带负电荷的 CB 和 MCB 都破坏了带正电荷的 GUV，但没有破坏带负电荷的 GUV。这种破坏随着暴露浓度和时间的升高和延长而恶化。发现 CBNs（CB 和 MCB 一起称为 CBNs）引起了脂质提取。MCB 比 CB 造成更严重的破坏。在 120mg/L 时，MCB 通过内吞作用样过程包裹在囊泡中。MCB 介导了 GUV 的凝胶化，可能是通过 C-O-P 键桥。较低的水动力直径和更多的负电荷可能是 MCB 区别于 CB 的原因。CBNs 与膜的粘附和结合受到静电相互作用的影响，CBNs 的实际应用需要更多的关注。
