Institute of Farmland Irrigation of CAAS, Xinxiang 453002, China.
Laboratory of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Cheikh Anta University of Dakar, Dakar 50005, Senegal.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb 14;20(4):3345. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20043345.
Water deficit is a major problem affecting crop production worldwide. The use of treated wastewater in irrigation systems improves soil health and enhances crop growth and productivity. However, it has been characterized as a source of heavy metals. The unknown is how heavy metals' movements would be impacted under an intercropping system when irrigated with treated wastewater. Understanding the dynamic of heavy metals in soil-plant systems is essential for environmental risk assessment and sustainable agriculture. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to explore the effects of treated wastewater irrigation on plant growth, soil chemical properties, and the movements of Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd from soil to plants in monoculture and intercropping systems. Maize and soybean were selected as the test crops and groundwater and treated livestock wastewater as the water sources. This study found that treated wastewater irrigation and intercropping systems synergically increased the soil nutrient content and crop growth. The concentrations of Zn, Pb, and Cd were significantly higher in leaves compared to other plant parts contrastingly to Cu, which was higher in roots. In addition, treated wastewater irrigation increased grain nutrient content in mono- and intercropping systems while the concentration of heavy metals was in the acceptable range for human consumption. The enrichment degree of Cu and Pb due to treated livestock wastewater irrigation relative to groundwater irrigation was higher in uncultivated soil compared with cultivated soil. This study showed that the intercropping system facilitated heavy metals' transfer from soil to plant except for Cd. These findings provide guidelines for a safe utilization of treated wastewater in agricultural systems and to reduce freshwater use pressure.
缺水是影响全球作物生产的主要问题。在灌溉系统中使用处理后的废水可以改善土壤健康，促进作物生长和生产力。然而，它被认为是重金属的来源。未知的是，当用处理后的废水进行灌溉时，重金属在间作系统中的迁移会受到怎样的影响。了解重金属在土壤-植物系统中的动态对于环境风险评估和可持续农业至关重要。本研究采用温室盆栽试验，探讨了处理后废水灌溉对单作和间作系统中植物生长、土壤化学性质以及 Zn、Cu、Pb 和 Cd 从土壤向植物迁移的影响。选择玉米和大豆作为试验作物，地下水和处理后的牲畜废水作为水源。研究发现，处理后废水灌溉和间作系统协同作用提高了土壤养分含量和作物生长。与 Cu 相反，Zn、Pb 和 Cd 的浓度在叶片中明显高于其他植物部位，而 Cu 在根部的浓度较高。此外，处理后废水灌溉增加了单作和间作系统中谷物的养分含量，而重金属的浓度在人类可接受的食用范围内。与地下水灌溉相比，处理后的牲畜废水灌溉使未开垦土壤中 Cu 和 Pb 的富集程度相对较高。本研究表明，间作系统促进了重金属从土壤向植物的转移，但 Cd 除外。这些发现为农业系统中安全利用处理后的废水提供了指导，并减轻了对淡水的使用压力。
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