College of Resource and Environment, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
SDAU Fertilizer Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Tai'an 271608, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb 17;20(4):3587. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20043587.
Composting is a promising technology for treating organic solid waste. However, greenhouse gases (methane and nitrous oxide) and odor emissions (ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, etc.) during composting are practically unavoidable, leading to severe environmental problems and poor final compost products. The optimization of composting conditions and the application of additives have been considered to mitigate these problems, but a comprehensive analysis of the influence of these methods on gaseous emissions during composting is lacking. Thus, this review summarizes the influence of composting conditions and different additives on gaseous emissions, and the cost of each measure is approximately evaluated. Aerobic conditions can be achieved by appropriate process conditions, so the contents of CH and NO can subsequently be effectively reduced. Physical additives are effective regulators to control anaerobic gaseous emissions, having a large specific surface area and great adsorption performance. Chemical additives significantly reduce gaseous emissions, but their side effects on compost application must be eliminated. The auxiliary effect of microbial agents is not absolute, but is closely related to the dosage and environmental conditions of compost. Compound additives can reduce gaseous emissions more efficiently than single additives. However, further study is required to assess the economic viability of additives to promote their large-scale utilization during composting.
堆肥是一种很有前途的有机固体废物处理技术。然而，堆肥过程中不可避免地会产生温室气体（甲烷和氧化亚氮）和恶臭排放物（氨、硫化氢等），从而导致严重的环境问题和较差的最终堆肥产品。优化堆肥条件和添加剂的应用已被认为是减轻这些问题的方法，但缺乏对这些方法对堆肥过程中气体排放影响的综合分析。因此，本综述总结了堆肥条件和不同添加剂对气体排放的影响，并对每种措施的成本进行了大致评估。通过适当的工艺条件可以实现好氧条件，从而可以有效减少 CH 和 NO 的含量。物理添加剂是控制厌氧气体排放的有效调节剂，具有较大的比表面积和良好的吸附性能。化学添加剂可显著减少气体排放，但必须消除其对堆肥应用的副作用。微生物制剂的辅助效果不是绝对的，而是与堆肥的剂量和环境条件密切相关。复合添加剂比单一添加剂更能有效地减少气体排放。然而，需要进一步研究添加剂的经济可行性，以促进其在堆肥过程中的大规模应用。
