Prazaru Stefan Cristian, D'Ambrogio Lisa, Dal Cero Martina, Rasera Mirko, Cenedese Giovanni, Guerrieri Enea, Pavasini Marika, Mori Nicola, Pavan Francesco, Duso Carlo
Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy.
Department of Biotechnology, Verona University, 37134 Verona, Italy.
Insects. 2023 Jan 17;14(2):101. doi: 10.3390/insects14020101.
is the main vector of phytoplasmas associated with Flavescence dorée (FD), one of the most serious threats to viticulture in many European countries. To minimize the spread of this disease, mandatory control measures against were decided in Europe. In the 1990s, the repeated application of insecticides (mainly organophosphates) proved to be an effective measure to control the vector and the related disease in north-eastern Italy. These insecticides and most of the neonicotinoids were recently banned from European viticulture. Serious FD issues detected in the recent years in northern Italy could be related to the use of less effective insecticides. Trials aimed at evaluating the efficacy of the most used conventional and organic insecticides in the control of have been performed in semi-field and field conditions to test this hypothesis. In efficacy trials, carried out in four vineyards, etofenprox and deltamethrin proved to be the best conventional insecticides, while pyrethrins were the most impactful among organic insecticides. Insecticide residual activity was evaluated in semi-field and field conditions. Acrinathrin showed the most significant residual effects in both conditions. In semi-field trials, most of the pyrethroids were associated with good results in terms of residual activity. However, these effects declined in field conditions, probably due to high temperatures. Organic insecticides showed poor results in terms of residual efficacy. Implications of these results in the context of Integrated Pest Management in conventional and organic viticulture are discussed.
是与葡萄黄化病（FD）相关的植原体的主要传播媒介，葡萄黄化病是许多欧洲国家葡萄栽培面临的最严重威胁之一。为尽量减少这种疾病的传播，欧洲决定对采取强制性控制措施。在20世纪90年代，反复施用杀虫剂（主要是有机磷酸盐）被证明是控制意大利东北部传播媒介及相关疾病的有效措施。这些杀虫剂和大多数新烟碱类杀虫剂最近已被欧洲葡萄栽培业禁止使用。近年来在意大利北部检测到的严重葡萄黄化病问题可能与使用效果较差的杀虫剂有关。为验证这一假设，已在半田间和田间条件下开展了旨在评估最常用的传统和有机杀虫剂对防治效果的试验。在四个葡萄园进行的药效试验中，乙虫腈和溴氰菊酯被证明是最好的传统杀虫剂，而除虫菊酯在有机杀虫剂中效果最为显著。在半田间和田间条件下评估了杀虫剂残留活性。氟丙菊酯在两种条件下均表现出最显著的残留效果。在半田间试验中，大多数拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂在残留活性方面效果良好。然而，在田间条件下这些效果有所下降，可能是由于高温所致。有机杀虫剂在残留药效方面表现不佳。讨论了这些结果在传统和有机葡萄栽培综合虫害管理背景下的意义。
