Wakayama Yuki, Yamagishi Satoru
Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstrasse 20, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
Department of Biology, Friedrich Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Strasse 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
Life (Basel). 2023 Jan 19;13(2):283. doi: 10.3390/life13020283.
Blood vessels and nerves are distributed throughout the body and show a high degree of anatomical parallelism and functional crosstalk. These networks transport oxygen, nutrients, and information to maintain homeostasis. Thus, disruption of network formation can cause diseases. Nervous system development requires the navigation of the axons of neurons to their correct destination. Blood vessel formation occurs via vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Vasculogenesis is the process of de novo blood vessel formation, and angiogenesis is the process whereby endothelial cells sprout from pre-existing vessels. Both developmental processes require guidance molecules to establish precise branching patterns of these systems in the vertebrate body. These network formations are regulated by growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor; and guidance cues, such as ephrin, netrin, semaphorin, and slit. Neuronal and vascular structures extend lamellipodia and filopodia, which sense guidance cues that are mediated by the Rho family and actin cytosol rearrangement, to migrate to the goal during development. Furthermore, endothelial cells regulate neuronal development and vice versa. In this review, we describe the guidance molecules that regulate neuronal and vascular network formation.
血管和神经遍布全身，呈现出高度的解剖学平行性和功能相互作用。这些网络输送氧气、营养物质和信息以维持体内平衡。因此，网络形成的破坏会引发疾病。神经系统发育需要神经元轴突导航至其正确目的地。血管形成通过血管发生和血管生成实现。血管发生是从头形成血管的过程，而血管生成是内皮细胞从现有血管中发芽的过程。这两个发育过程都需要导向分子在脊椎动物体内建立这些系统精确的分支模式。这些网络形成受血管内皮生长因子等生长因子以及 Ephrin、Netrin、Semaphorin 和 Slit 等导向信号的调节。神经元和血管结构伸出片状伪足和丝状伪足，它们感知由Rho家族和肌动蛋白胞质溶胶重排介导的导向信号，在发育过程中迁移至目标。此外，内皮细胞调节神经元发育，反之亦然。在本综述中，我们描述了调节神经元和血管网络形成的导向分子。
