Li Ping, Li Yanjie, Hua Xia, Guo Yu, Curtis Jennifer Sinclair
School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China.
Materials (Basel). 2023 Feb 16;16(4):1664. doi: 10.3390/ma16041664.
In this study, a brass or glass spherical impactor vertically penetrating into a granular bed composed of mono-sized spherical or elongated particles was simulated with three-dimensional (3D) discrete element method (DEM). Good agreement of the particle masses in the cup before and after penetration can be found in the simulations and experiments. The effects of particle length (), friction coefficient, and particle configuration on the penetration depth of the impactor, ejecta mass, and solid volume fraction describing the response of the granular bed are discussed. The penetration depth is negatively correlated with as the corresponding solid volume fraction of the granular bed decreases. A smaller friction coefficient leads to a larger penetration depth of the impactor and more ejection of particles. When the impactor is penetrating the = 10 mm elongated particles, the penetration depth is negatively correlated to the order parameter and solid volume fraction.
在本研究中，使用三维（3D）离散元法（DEM）模拟了一个黄铜或玻璃球形冲击器垂直穿透由单尺寸球形或细长颗粒组成的颗粒床的过程。在模拟和实验中，可以发现穿透前后杯子中颗粒质量的良好一致性。讨论了颗粒长度（）、摩擦系数和颗粒构型对冲击器穿透深度、喷射质量以及描述颗粒床响应的固体体积分数的影响。随着颗粒床相应的固体体积分数降低，穿透深度与颗粒长度呈负相关。较小的摩擦系数会导致冲击器更大的穿透深度和更多的颗粒喷射。当冲击器穿透 = 10 mm的细长颗粒时，穿透深度与序参量和固体体积分数呈负相关。
