Farag Mohamed A, Mohamed Tarik A, El-Hawary Enas A, Abdelwareth Amr
Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt.
Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Giza 12622, Egypt.
Metabolites. 2023 Jan 24;13(2):173. doi: 10.3390/metabo13020173.
Luwak (civet) coffee is one of the most precious and exotic coffee commodities in the world. It has garnered an increasing reputation as the rarest and most expensive coffee, with an annual production. Many targeted analytical techniques have been reported for the discrimination of specialty coffee commodities, such as Luwak coffee, from other ordinary coffee. This study presents the first comparative metabolomics approach for Luwak coffee analysis compared to other coffee products, targeting secondary and aroma metabolites using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gas chromatography (GC), or liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). Chemometric modeling of these datasets showed significant classification among all samples and aided in identifying potential novel markers for Luwak coffee from other coffee samples. Markers have indicated that was the source of Luwak coffee, with several new markers being identified, including kahweol, chlorogenic acid lactones, and elaidic acid. Aroma profiling using solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) coupled with GC/MS revealed higher levels of guaiacol derivatives, pyrazines, and furans in roasted Luwak coffee compared with roasted . Quantification of the major metabolites was attempted using NMR for Luwak coffee to enable future standardization. Lower levels of alkaloids (caffeine 2.85 µg/mg, trigonelline 0.14 µg/mg, and xanthine 0.03 µg/mg) were detected, compared with . Other metabolites that were quantified in civet coffee included kahweol and difurfuryl ether at 1.37 and 0.15 µg/mg, respectively.
麝香猫咖啡是世界上最珍贵、最具异域风情的咖啡产品之一。它作为最稀有、最昂贵的咖啡，声誉与日俱增，年产量有限。已有许多靶向分析技术被报道用于区分特种咖啡产品，如麝香猫咖啡与其他普通咖啡。本研究首次采用比较代谢组学方法分析麝香猫咖啡，并与其他咖啡产品进行比较，使用核磁共振（NMR）、气相色谱（GC）或液相色谱（LC）结合质谱（MS）技术，针对次生代谢物和香气代谢物进行分析。对这些数据集进行化学计量学建模，结果显示所有样品之间存在显著分类，有助于从其他咖啡样品中识别出麝香猫咖啡潜在的新型标志物。标志物表明[此处原文缺失相关信息]是麝香猫咖啡的来源，同时还鉴定出了几种新的标志物，包括咖啡豆醇、绿原酸内酯和反式油酸。使用固相微萃取（SPME）结合GC/MS进行香气分析表明，与烘焙的[此处原文缺失相关信息]相比，烘焙后的麝香猫咖啡中愈创木酚衍生物（愈创木酚及其衍生物）、吡嗪类和呋喃类物质含量更高。尝试使用NMR对麝香猫咖啡中的主要代谢物进行定量，以便未来实现标准化。与[此处原文缺失相关信息]相比，检测到生物碱含量较低（咖啡因2.85μg/mg、胡芦巴碱0.14μg/mg和黄嘌呤0.03μg/mg）。在麝香猫咖啡中定量的其他代谢物包括咖啡豆醇和二糠基醚，含量分别为1.37μg/mg和0.15μg/mg。
