Larsberg Filip, Sprechert Maximilian, Hesse Deike, Loh Gunnar, Brockmann Gudrun A, Kreuzer-Redmer Susanne
Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute, Breeding Biology and Molecular Genetics, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany.
Evonik Operations GmbH-Research, Development & Innovation Nutrition & Care, Kantstraße 2, 33790 Halle, Germany.
Microorganisms. 2023 Jan 19;11(2):269. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11020269.
Banning antibiotic growth promotors and other antimicrobials in poultry production due to the increasing antimicrobial resistance leads to increased feeding of potential alternatives such as probiotics. However, the modes of action of those feed additives are not entirely understood. They could act even with a direct effect on the immune system. A previously established animal-related in vitro system using primary cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was applied to investigate the effects of immune-modulating feed additives. Here, the immunomodulation of different preparations of two probiotic strains, DSM 32315 (BS), and CECT 5940 (BA) was evaluated. The count of T-helper cells and activated T-helper cells increased after treatment in a ratio of 1:3 (PBMCs: ) with vital BS (CD4+: < 0.05; CD4+CD25+: < 0.01). Furthermore, vital BS enhanced the proliferation and activation of cytotoxic T cells (CD8+: < 0.05; CD8+CD25+: < 0.05). Cell-free probiotic culture supernatants of BS increased the count of activated T-helper cells (CD4+CD25+: < 0.1). UV-inactivated BS increased the proportion of cytotoxic T cells significantly (CD8+: < 0.01). Our results point towards a possible involvement of secreted factors of BS in T-helper cell activation and proliferation, whereas it stimulates cytotoxic T cells presumably through surface contact. We could not observe any effect on B cells after treatment with different preparations of BS. After treatment with vital BA in a ratio of 1:3 (PBMCs:), the count of T-helper cells and activated T-helper cells increased (CD4+: < 0.01; CD4+CD25+: < 0.05). Cell-free probiotic culture supernatants of BA as well as UV-inactivated BA had no effect on T cell proliferation and activation. Furthermore, we found no effect of BA preparations on B cells. Overall, we demonstrate that the two different strains enhanced T cell activation and proliferation, which points towards an immune-modulating effect of both strains on chicken immune cells in vitro. Therefore, we suggest that administering these probiotics can improve the cellular adaptive immune defense in chickens, thereby enabling the prevention and reduction of antimicrobials in chicken farming.
由于抗微生物药物耐药性不断增加，在家禽生产中禁止使用抗生素生长促进剂和其他抗微生物药物，导致益生菌等潜在替代品的投喂量增加。然而，这些饲料添加剂的作用方式尚未完全明确。它们甚至可能直接作用于免疫系统。应用先前建立的使用原代培养外周血单核细胞（PBMCs）的动物相关体外系统，来研究免疫调节饲料添加剂的效果。在此，评估了两种益生菌菌株DSM 32315（BS）和CECT 5940（BA）不同制剂的免疫调节作用。用活的BS以1:3的比例（PBMCs: ）处理后，辅助性T细胞和活化辅助性T细胞的数量增加（CD4+: < 0.05；CD4+CD25+: < 0.01）。此外，活的BS增强了细胞毒性T细胞的增殖和活化（CD8+: < 0.05；CD8+CD25+: < 0.05）。BS的无细胞益生菌培养上清液增加了活化辅助性T细胞的数量（CD4+CD25+: < 0.1）。紫外线灭活的BS显著增加了细胞毒性T细胞的比例（CD8+: < 0.01）。我们的结果表明，BS分泌的因子可能参与辅助性T细胞的活化和增殖，而它可能通过表面接触刺激细胞毒性T细胞。在用不同制剂的BS处理后，我们未观察到对B细胞有任何影响。用活的BA以1:3的比例（PBMCs: ）处理后，辅助性T细胞和活化辅助性T细胞的数量增加（CD4+: < 0.01；CD4+CD25+: < 0.05）。BA的无细胞益生菌培养上清液以及紫外线灭活的BA对T细胞增殖和活化均无影响。此外，我们发现BA制剂对B细胞也无影响。总体而言，我们证明这两种不同菌株增强了T细胞的活化和增殖，这表明两种菌株在体外对鸡免疫细胞均有免疫调节作用。因此，我们建议投喂这些益生菌可改善鸡的细胞适应性免疫防御，从而在养鸡业中实现预防和减少抗微生物药物的使用。
