Wang Qiong, Xu Lu-Ping, Deng Chong-Qing, Yao Er-Gang, Chang Hai, Pang Wei-Qiang
Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, China.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2023 Feb 13;13(4):717. doi: 10.3390/nano13040717.
Nanoscale composite energetic materials (CEMs) based on oxidizer and fuel have potential advantages in energy adjustment and regulation through oxygen balance (OB) change. The micro- and nanosized fibers based on nano nitrocellulose (NC)-ammonium dinitramide (ADN) were prepared by the electrospinning technique, and the morphology, thermal stability, combustion behaviors, and mechanical sensitivity of the fibers were characterized by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), gas pressure measurement of thermostatic decomposition, laser ignition, and sensitivity tests. The results showed that the prepared fibers with fluffy 3D macrostructure were constructed by the overlap of micro/nanofibers with the energetic particles embedded in the NC matrix. The first exothermic peak temperature (T) of the samples containing ADN decreased by 10.1 °C at most compared to that of ADN, and the pressure rise time of all the samples containing ADN moved forward compared to that of the sample containing NC only. Furthermore, ADN can decrease the ignition delay time of NC-based fibers under atmosphere at room temperature from 33 ms to 9 ms and can enhance the burning intensity of NC-based fibers under normal pressure. In addition, compared to the single high explosive CL-20 or RDX, the mechanical sensitivities of the composite materials containing high explosive CL-20 or RDX were much decreased. The positive oxygen balance of ADN and the intensive interactions between ADN and NC can reduce the ignition delay time and promote the burning reaction intensity of NC-based composite fibers, while the mechanical sensitivities of composite fibers could be improved.
基于氧化剂和燃料的纳米复合含能材料（CEMs）在通过氧平衡（OB）变化进行能量调节方面具有潜在优势。采用静电纺丝技术制备了基于纳米硝化纤维素（NC）-二硝酰胺铵（ADN）的微米和纳米级纤维，并通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、差示扫描量热法（DSC）、恒温分解气压测量、激光点火和灵敏度测试等手段对纤维的形貌、热稳定性、燃烧行为和机械敏感性进行了表征。结果表明，所制备的具有蓬松三维宏观结构的纤维是由微/纳米纤维重叠构建而成，其中含能颗粒嵌入NC基体中。含ADN样品的第一个放热峰温度（T）与ADN相比最多降低了10.1℃，所有含ADN样品的压力上升时间相比于仅含NC的样品都提前了。此外，ADN可以将室温下大气环境中基于NC的纤维的点火延迟时间从33ms缩短至9ms，并能增强常压下基于NC的纤维的燃烧强度。另外，与单一的高能炸药CL-20或RDX相比，含高能炸药CL-20或RDX的复合材料的机械敏感性大幅降低。ADN的正氧平衡以及ADN与NC之间的强烈相互作用可以缩短基于NC的复合纤维的点火延迟时间并促进其燃烧反应强度，同时还能提高复合纤维的机械敏感性。
