Dobrynin Oleg S, Zharkov Mikhail N, Kuchurov Ilya V, Fomenkov Igor V, Zlotin Sergey G, Monogarov Konstantin A, Meerov Dmitry B, Pivkina Alla N, Muravyev Nikita V
N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow119991, Russia.
N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow 119991, Russia.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2019 Sep 27;9(10):1386. doi: 10.3390/nano9101386.
A supercritical antisolvent process has been applied to obtain the nitrocellulose nanoparticles with an average size of 190 nm from the nitrocellulose fibers of 20 μm in diameter. Compared to the micron-sized powder, nano-nitrocellulose is characterized with a slightly lower decomposition onset, however, the friction sensitivity has been improved substantially along with the burning rate increasing from 3.8 to 4.7 mm·s at 2 MPa. Also, the proposed approach allows the production of stable nitrocellulose composites. Thus, the addition of 1 wt.% carbon nanotubes further improves the sensitivity of the nano-nitrocellulose up to the friction-insensitive level. Moreover, the simultaneous introduction of carbon nanotubes and nanosized iron oxide catalyzes the combustion process evidenced by a high-speed filming and resulting in the 20% burning rate increasing at 12 MPa. The presented approach to the processing of energetic nanomaterials based on the supercritical fluid technology opens the way to the production of nitrocellulose-based nanopowders with improved performance.
已采用超临界抗溶剂法从直径为20μm的硝化纤维素纤维中获得平均尺寸为190nm的硝化纤维素纳米颗粒。与微米级粉末相比，纳米硝化纤维素的分解起始温度略低，然而，摩擦敏感度随着燃烧速率在2MPa下从3.8mm·s提高到4.7mm·s而大幅提高。此外，所提出的方法能够生产稳定的硝化纤维素复合材料。因此，添加1wt.%的碳纳米管可进一步将纳米硝化纤维素的敏感度提高到不敏感摩擦水平。此外，同时引入碳纳米管和纳米级氧化铁催化了燃烧过程，高速拍摄证明了这一点，并导致在12MPa下燃烧速率提高20%。基于超临界流体技术的高能纳米材料加工方法为生产性能改进的硝化纤维素基纳米粉末开辟了道路。
