Gorle Govinda, Gollavelli Ganesh, Nelli Gowreeswari, Ling Yong-Chien
Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
Department of Humanities and Basic Sciences, Aditya Engineering College, Surampalem 533437, India.
Pharmaceutics. 2023 Feb 13;15(2):632. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020632.
Graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) are prepared using black carbon as a feedstock and HO as a green oxidizing agent in a straightforward and environmentally friendly manner. The process adopted microwave energy and only took two minutes. The GOQDs are 20 nm in size and have stable blue fluorescence at 440 nm. The chemical characteristics and QD morphology were confirmed by thorough analysis using scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), Fourier transmission infra-red (FT-IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The biocompatibility test was used to evaluate the toxicity of GOQDs in CT26 cells in vitro and the IC was found to be 200 µg/mL with excellent survival rates. Additional in vivo toxicity assessment in the developing zebrafish () embryo model found no observed abnormalities even at a high concentration of 400 μg/mL after 96 h post fertilization. The GOQDs luminescence was also tested both in vitro and in vivo. They showed excellent internal distribution in the cytoplasm, cell nucleus, and throughout the zebrafish body. As a result, the prepared GOQDs are expected to be simple and inexpensive materials for nano-imaging and diagnostic probes in nanomedicine.
氧化石墨烯量子点（GOQDs）是以黑碳为原料，以过氧化氢作为绿色氧化剂，通过简单且环保的方式制备而成。该过程采用微波能量，仅需两分钟。GOQDs尺寸为20纳米，在440纳米处具有稳定的蓝色荧光。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、原子力显微镜（AFM）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）进行全面分析，证实了其化学特性和量子点形态。通过生物相容性测试评估了GOQDs对CT26细胞的体外毒性，发现其半数抑制浓度为200微克/毫升，细胞存活率良好。在斑马鱼胚胎发育模型中进行的额外体内毒性评估发现，即使在受精后96小时给予400微克/毫升的高浓度，也未观察到异常。还对GOQDs的发光进行了体外和体内测试。它们在细胞质、细胞核以及整个斑马鱼体内均表现出良好的内部分布。因此，所制备的GOQDs有望成为纳米医学中用于纳米成像和诊断探针的简单且廉价的材料。
