Piro Maria Chiara, Muylle Hilde, Haesaert Geert
Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Caritasstraat 39, 9090 Melle, Belgium.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Feb 7;12(4):737. doi: 10.3390/plants12040737.
Rye ( subsp. L.) has long been exploited as a valuable alternative genetic resource in wheat ( L.) breeding. Indeed, the introgression of rye genetic material led to significant breakthroughs in the improvement of disease and pest resistance of wheat, as well as a few agronomic traits. While such traits remain a high priority in cereal breeding, nutritional aspects of grain crops are coming under the spotlight as consumers become more conscious about their dietary choices and the food industry strives to offer food options that meet their demands. To address this new challenge, wheat breeding can once again turn to rye to look for additional genetic variation. A nutritional aspect that can potentially greatly benefit from the introgression of rye genetic material is the dietary fibre content of flour. In fact, rye is richer in dietary fibre than wheat, especially in terms of arabinoxylan content. Arabinoxylan is a major dietary fibre component in wheat and rye endosperm flours, and it is associated with a variety of health benefits, including normalisation of glycaemic levels and promotion of the gut microbiota. Thus, it is a valuable addition to the human diet, and it can represent a novel target for wheat-rye introgression breeding.
黑麦（亚种 L.）长期以来一直被用作小麦（种 L.）育种中有价值的替代遗传资源。实际上，黑麦遗传物质的渗入在提高小麦的病虫害抗性以及一些农艺性状方面带来了重大突破。虽然这些性状在谷物育种中仍然是高度优先考虑的，但随着消费者对饮食选择更加关注，以及食品行业努力提供满足他们需求的食品选择，谷类作物的营养方面正受到关注。为应对这一新挑战，小麦育种可以再次转向黑麦以寻找更多的遗传变异。一个可能从黑麦遗传物质渗入中大大受益的营养方面是面粉的膳食纤维含量。事实上，黑麦的膳食纤维比小麦更丰富，尤其是在阿拉伯木聚糖含量方面。阿拉伯木聚糖是小麦和黑麦胚乳面粉中的主要膳食纤维成分，它与多种健康益处相关，包括血糖水平正常化和促进肠道微生物群。因此，它是人类饮食中有价值的补充，并且可以成为小麦 - 黑麦渗入育种的一个新目标。
