Brink Amber A, Weber Wanda J, Lippolis John D, Cole John B, Rendahl Aaron K, Caixeta Luciano, Godden Sandra M, Seykora Anthony J, Crooker Brian A
Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.
Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2023 Apr;258:110573. doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110573. Epub 2023 Feb 21.
Effects of Holstein genotype on interleukin-1β response were assessed by ex-vivo stimulation of whole blood with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), or sonicated, heat-killed Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria. Holstein genotypes were unselected Holsteins (UH, n = 14) not subjected to selection pressures since the mid-1960s and contemporary Holsteins (CH, n = 13). Milk yield of UH and CH cows differ by more than 4500 kg/lactation. Whole blood was mixed with 0.01 µg LPS, 10 µg LTA or 2.5 × 10 CFU of sonicated, heat-killed E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. marcescens, S. aureus, S. dysgalactiae, or S. uberis per mL of blood and incubated (4 h, 37 °C). Plasma IL-1β was quantified by ELISA and log-transformed concentrations analyzed with a multivariate linear mixed effects model. Responses to bacteria were greater than responses to LPS or LTA. Responses to LPS, LTA and the Gram-negative stimulants were greater in UH than in CH cows while responses to the Gram-positive bacteria did not differ between Holstein genotypes. In both genotypes, strong correlations were detected among IL-1β responses to the Gram-negative stimulants and to LTA. There were strong correlations among IL-1β responses to the Gram-positive bacteria in CH cows but only between S. aureus and S. dysgalactiae in UH cows. The IL-1β response to S. uberis was highly correlated with responses to all of the Gram-negative stimulants in CH cows but only with E. coli in the UH cows. The reduced immune response could make contemporary cows more susceptible to infection by Gram-negative bacteria. Results confirm selection practices since the mid-1960s have altered immune response in the Holstein, at least to Gram-negative bacteria, and validate the need for additional studies to further evaluate the impacts of these selection practices on immune function in contemporary Holsteins.
通过用脂多糖（LPS）、脂磷壁酸（LTA）或超声处理过的、热灭活的革兰氏阴性或革兰氏阳性细菌对全血进行体外刺激，评估荷斯坦基因型对白介素-1β反应的影响。荷斯坦基因型包括自20世纪60年代中期以来未受到选择压力的未选荷斯坦牛（UH，n = 14）和当代荷斯坦牛（CH，n = 13）。UH和CH奶牛的产奶量差异超过4500千克/泌乳期。将全血与每毫升血液中含0.01微克LPS、10微克LTA或2.5×10 CFU超声处理过的、热灭活的大肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、粘质沙雷氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、停乳链球菌或乳房链球菌混合，并孵育（4小时，37°C）。通过酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）对血浆白介素-1β进行定量，并使用多变量线性混合效应模型分析对数转换后的浓度。对细菌的反应大于对LPS或LTA的反应。UH奶牛对LPS、LTA和革兰氏阴性刺激物的反应大于CH奶牛，而对革兰氏阳性细菌的反应在荷斯坦基因型之间没有差异。在两种基因型中，均检测到对白介素-1β对革兰氏阴性刺激物和LTA的反应之间存在强相关性。CH奶牛对白介素-1β对革兰氏阳性细菌的反应之间存在强相关性，但UH奶牛中仅金黄色葡萄球菌和停乳链球菌之间存在相关性。CH奶牛对白介素-1β对乳房链球菌的反应与对所有革兰氏阴性刺激物的反应高度相关，但UH奶牛中仅与大肠杆菌的反应高度相关。免疫反应降低可能使当代奶牛更容易受到革兰氏阴性细菌的感染。结果证实，自20世纪60年代中期以来的选择做法改变了荷斯坦牛的免疫反应，至少对革兰氏阴性细菌是如此，并验证了需要进行更多研究以进一步评估这些选择做法对当代荷斯坦牛免疫功能的影响。
