Crundall David, van Loon Editha
Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, NG1 4FQ, UK.
Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, NG1 4FQ, UK.
Accid Anal Prev. 2023 May;184:107006. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2023.107006. Epub 2023 Feb 24.
Some car drivers pass vulnerable road users (VRUs) at too high a speed and leave too little gap. Research suggests that out-group bias and a lack of empathy may relate to these dangerous incidents. To address this problem, four road safety videos were created with the aim of increasing car drivers' empathy toward Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs). Each video focused on the back-story of a VRU (two horse riders and two cyclists), with a predominantly persuasive approach to inducing empathy and reducing out-group bias. The effectiveness of the videos on car drivers' immediate implicit and explicit attitudes, and on their future intended behaviour around these VRUs, was assessed by comparing intervention participants' responses with those of control participants, both before and after the intervention. Explicit attitudes towards horse riders improved following the intervention for drivers who saw the horse rider videos compared to a control group. The horse rider videos did not however improve explicit attitudes toward cyclists. Similarly, those participants who saw the cyclist videos showed improved attitudes towards cyclists but not horse riders. An Implicit Attitude Test (IAT) found no implicit biases for or against horse riders or cyclists, either before or after the intervention. Intended future passing behaviour was affected by the intervention however, with car drivers reporting greater intended passing distances and lower passing speeds compared to the control group. The results suggest that safety campaigns that adopt this approach can change attitudes and intended behaviours towards VRUs.
一些汽车司机以过高的速度从易受伤害的道路使用者（VRUs）旁经过，且留出的间距过小。研究表明，群体外偏见和缺乏同理心可能与这些危险事件有关。为解决这一问题，制作了四个道路安全视频，旨在增强汽车司机对易受伤害道路使用者（VRUs）的同理心。每个视频聚焦于一名易受伤害道路使用者（VRUs）的背景故事（两名骑马者和两名骑自行车者），主要采用有说服力的方法来引发同理心并减少群体外偏见。通过比较干预参与者与对照组参与者在干预前后的反应，评估了这些视频对汽车司机即时的隐性和显性态度以及他们未来在这些易受伤害道路使用者（VRUs）周围的预期行为的影响。与对照组相比，观看骑马者视频的司机在干预后对骑马者的显性态度有所改善。然而，骑马者视频并未改善对骑自行车者的显性态度。同样，观看骑自行车者视频的参与者对骑自行车者的态度有所改善，但对骑马者的态度没有改善。一项隐性态度测试（IAT）发现，在干预前后，对骑马者或骑自行车者均不存在隐性偏见。不过，干预影响了未来的预期超车行为，与对照组相比，汽车司机报告的预期超车距离更远，超车速度更低。结果表明，采用这种方法的安全宣传活动可以改变对易受伤害道路使用者（VRUs）的态度和预期行为。
