Boozary Laili Kharazi, Frank-Pearce Summer G, Alexander Adam C, Sifat Munjireen S, Kurien Jasmin, Waring Joseph J C, Ehlke Sarah J, Businelle Michael S, Ahluwalia Jasjit S, Kendzor Darla E
Department of Psychology, Cellular and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman OK 73019.
TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.
Drug Alcohol Depend Rep. 2022 Nov 5;5:100117. doi: 10.1016/j.dadr.2022.100117. eCollection 2022 Dec.
Smoking rates are exceptionally high among adults experiencing homelessness (AEH). Research is needed to inform treatment approaches in this population.
Participants (n=404) were adults who accessed an urban day shelter and reported current smoking. Participants completed surveys regarding their sociodemographic characteristics, tobacco and substance use, mental health, motivation to quit smoking (MTQS), and smoking cessation treatment preferences. Participant characteristics were described and compared by MTQS.
Participants who reported current smoking (N=404) were primarily male (74.8%); White (41.4%), Black (27.8%), or American Indian/Alaska Native (14.1%) race; and 10.7% Hispanic. Participants reported a mean age of 45.6 (SD=11.2) years, and they smoked an average of 12.6 (SD=9.4) cigarettes per day. Most participants reported moderate or high MTQS (57%) and were interested in receiving free cessation treatment (51%). Participants most frequently selected the following options as among the top 3 treatments that offered the best chance of quitting: Nicotine replacement therapy (25%), money/gift cards for quitting (17%), prescription medications (17%), and switching to e-cigarettes (16%). Craving (55%), stress/mood (40%), habit (39%), and being around other smokers (36%) were frequently identified as the most challenging aspects of quitting. Low MTQS was associated with White race, lack of religious participation, lack of health insurance, lower income, greater cigarettes smoked per day, and higher expired carbon monoxide. Higher MTQS was associated with sleeping unsheltered, cell phone ownership, higher health literacy, more years of smoking, and interest in free treatment.
Multi-level, multi-component interventions are needed to address tobacco disparities among AEH.
在无家可归的成年人（AEH）中，吸烟率异常高。需要开展研究，为该人群的治疗方法提供依据。
参与者（n = 404）为进入城市日间庇护所且报告目前吸烟的成年人。参与者完成了关于其社会人口学特征、烟草和物质使用、心理健康、戒烟动机（MTQS）以及戒烟治疗偏好的调查。按MTQS描述并比较参与者特征。
报告目前吸烟的参与者（N = 404）主要为男性（74.8%）；白人（41.4%）、黑人（27.8%）或美洲印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民（14.1%）种族；以及10.7%为西班牙裔。参与者报告的平均年龄为45.6（标准差 = 11.2）岁，他们平均每天吸烟12.6（标准差 = 9.4）支。大多数参与者报告有中度或高度MTQS（57%），并且有兴趣接受免费戒烟治疗（51%）。参与者最常选择以下选项作为提供最佳戒烟机会的前三种治疗方法：尼古丁替代疗法（25%）、戒烟奖励金/礼品卡（17%）、处方药（17%）以及改用电子烟（16%）。渴望（55%）、压力/情绪（40%）、习惯（39%）以及身边有其他吸烟者（36%）经常被认为是戒烟最具挑战性的方面。低MTQS与白人种族、缺乏宗教参与、缺乏医疗保险、低收入、每天吸烟量更多以及呼出一氧化碳水平较高有关。较高的MTQS与无庇护所睡眠、拥有手机、较高健康素养、吸烟年限更长以及对免费治疗感兴趣有关。
需要采取多层次、多成分干预措施来解决AEH人群中的烟草差异问题。
