De Wit-De Visser Brenda, Rijckmans Madeleine, Vermunt Jeroen K, van Dam Arno
GGZ WNB, Research and Innovation, Halsteren, Netherlands.
Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tranzo Scientific Center for Care and Welfare, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands.
Front Psychol. 2023 Feb 9;14:993090. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.993090. eCollection 2023.
The Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD), and antisocial behavior (ASB) in general, is associated with significant impact on individuals themselves, their environment, and society. Although various interventions show promising results, no evidence-based treatments are available for individuals with ASPD. Therefore, making informed choices about which treatment can be applied to an individual patient is complicated. Furthermore, contradictory findings on therapy effectiveness and underlying factors of ASB, such as cognitive impairments and personality traits, fuel the debate whether the conceptualization of ASPD in the DSM-5 is accurate and whether this population can be seen as homogeneous. A conceptual framework, based on the reciprocal altruism theory, is presented in which we propose different pathways to ASB. These pathways suggest underlying dynamics of ASB and provide an explanation for previous contradictory research outcomes. This framework is intended to serve as a clinically relevant model that provides directions for improving diagnostics and matching treatments to underlying dynamics in the antisocial population.
反社会人格障碍（ASPD）以及一般的反社会行为（ASB）会对个体自身、其所处环境及社会产生重大影响。尽管各种干预措施显示出了有前景的结果，但目前尚无针对ASPD个体的循证治疗方法。因此，要对可应用于个体患者的治疗方法做出明智选择是很复杂的。此外，关于治疗效果以及ASB潜在因素（如认知障碍和人格特质）的矛盾研究结果，引发了关于《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第五版（DSM - 5）中ASPD概念化是否准确以及该群体是否可被视为同质群体的争论。本文提出了一个基于互惠利他主义理论的概念框架，我们在其中提出了通往ASB的不同途径。这些途径揭示了ASB的潜在动态，并为先前相互矛盾的研究结果提供了解释。该框架旨在作为一个具有临床相关性的模型，为改善反社会人群的诊断以及使治疗与潜在动态相匹配提供指导。
