Membrane properties of rabbit basilar arteries and their responses to transmural stimulation.

Changes in membrane potential of rabbit basilar arteries were recorded in response to transmural stimuli applied by means of a suction electrode. Responses to current pulses of long duration and low intensity showed that the passive electrical properties of basilar arteries were similar to those of other vascular smooth muscles. In contrast to peripheral arteries, action potentials were readily evoked by depolarizing currents. Action potentials were graded in amplitude from 17-60 mV according to stimulus strength. Amplitudes and rates of rise of the directly evoked action potentials increased with increasing external calcium and were abolished by cobalt, manganese and magnesium. Brief electrical stimuli which might have been expected to activate perivascular nerves produced slow depolarizing responses whose amplitude and duration increased with increasing stimulus intensity. These responses were not blocked by tetrodotoxin, lowered external calcium, or sympathetic denervation. They do not appear to be due to the release of a conventional neurotransmitter.