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利用地理信息系统（GIS）从数字高程模型（DEM）中模拟水文因素。

Modelling hydrological factors from DEM using GIS.

作者信息

Chowdhury Md Sharafat

机构信息

Information and Communication Technology Division, Government of Bangladesh; Department of Geography and Environment, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

出版信息

MethodsX. 2023 Feb 6;10:102062. doi: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102062. eCollection 2023.

DOI:10.1016/j.mex.2023.102062
PMID:36845367
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9945793/
Abstract

Hydrological modelling is a precondition for many scientific researches such as species distribution models, ecological models, agricultural suitability models, climatological models, hydrological models, flood and flash flood models, landslide models etc. Even the topographic control over many hydrological factors has also been studied. Over time different hydrological models have been developed and extensively used. Recently, these models have been used to prepare different types of conditional factors that are widely used in hazard modelling such as floods, flash floods, landslides etc. Quantitative analysis of the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) according to different models by engaging Geographic Information Systems (GIS) supports users to extract various types of information about landscapes where hydrological and topographic information are most important. Methods to prepare hydrological factors namely TWI, TRI, SPI, STI, TPI, stream density and distance to stream by processing DEM in GIS are discussed in this paper. These common hydrological factors are extensively used in many scientific research papers either for modelling or to measure their relationship with other environmental factors.•Hydrological factors have great importance in understanding the landscape and are widely used in scientific research, especially geo-environmental hazard mapping.•Physically based hydrological methods are engaged in ArcMap 10.5 software.•Commonly used hydrological factors are processed using freely available DEM and ArcMap 10.5 software.

摘要

水文建模是许多科学研究的前提条件，如物种分布模型、生态模型、农业适宜性模型、气候模型、水文模型、洪水和山洪暴发模型、滑坡模型等。甚至对许多水文因素的地形控制也已得到研究。随着时间的推移，不同的水文模型得到了开发和广泛应用。最近，这些模型已被用于准备不同类型的条件因素，这些因素在洪水、山洪暴发、滑坡等灾害建模中被广泛使用。通过地理信息系统（GIS）根据不同模型对数字高程模型（DEM）进行定量分析，支持用户提取有关水文和地形信息最为重要的景观的各种类型信息。本文讨论了在GIS中通过处理DEM来准备水文因素（即地形湿度指数、地形粗糙度指数、坡度位置指数、地形湿度指数、地形位置指数、河流密度和到河流的距离）的方法。这些常见的水文因素在许多科学研究论文中被广泛用于建模或测量它们与其他环境因素的关系。

•水文因素在理解景观方面具有重要意义，并且在科学研究中广泛使用，特别是在地质环境灾害制图中。

•基于物理的水文方法在ArcMap 10.5软件中使用。

•常用的水文因素使用免费的DEM和ArcMap 10.5软件进行处理。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/12cd/9945793/6c41c55d9563/gr8.jpg
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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/12cd/9945793/2303ae900e86/gr1.jpg
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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/12cd/9945793/354383e0ff85/gr3.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/12cd/9945793/e2aead85eca0/gr4.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/12cd/9945793/35499398078d/gr5.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/12cd/9945793/4ba25f8fad72/gr6.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/12cd/9945793/5634848ce69e/gr7.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/12cd/9945793/6c41c55d9563/gr8.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/12cd/9945793/fc6c4aad42b7/ga1.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/12cd/9945793/2303ae900e86/gr1.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/12cd/9945793/7356fa3f6ef2/gr2.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/12cd/9945793/354383e0ff85/gr3.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/12cd/9945793/e2aead85eca0/gr4.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/12cd/9945793/35499398078d/gr5.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/12cd/9945793/4ba25f8fad72/gr6.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/12cd/9945793/5634848ce69e/gr7.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/12cd/9945793/6c41c55d9563/gr8.jpg

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