Kil Hali, Lacourse Eric, Mageau Geneviève A, Pelletier-Dumas Mathieu, Dorfman Anna, Stolle Dietlind, Lina Jean-Marc, de la Sablonnière Roxane
Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
Front Psychol. 2023 Feb 8;13:1016397. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1016397. eCollection 2022.
We investigated whether initial risk classes and heterogeneous trajectories of self-compassion over the course of the pandemic may impact well-being outcomes 1 year into the pandemic.
A large, representative sample of Canadians ( = 3,613; 50.6% women) was sampled longitudinally over 11 waves (April 2020-April 2021), using a rolling cross-sectional survey design. Analyses were conducted in three steps: (1) latent class analysis to identify heterogeneity in risk factors (sociodemographic, cognitive-personality, health-related) early in the pandemic, (2) latent class growth analysis (LCGA) to identify longitudinal self-compassion trajectories, and (3) GLM to examine effects of risk factor classes and self-compassion trajectories, as well as their interaction, on later well-being (mental health, perceived control, life satisfaction).
Four risk factor classes emerged, with 50.9% of participants experiencing low risk, 14.3% experiencing multiple risks, 20.8% experiencing Cognitive-Personality and Health risks, and 14.0% experiencing sociodemographic and Cognitive-Personality risks. Four self-compassion trajectories also emerged, with 47.7% of participants experiencing moderate-high self-compassion that decreased then stabilized, 32.0% experiencing moderate self-compassion that decreased then stabilized, 17.3% experiencing high and stable self-compassion across time, and 3.0% experiencing low and decreasing self-compassion. Comparisons of well-being outcomes 1 year post-pandemic indicated that higher levels of self-compassion over time may protect against the impact of initial risk on well-being outcomes. Further work is still needed on heterogeneity in experiences of risk and protective factors during stressful life events.
我们调查了在疫情期间自我同情的初始风险类别和异质轨迹是否会在疫情爆发1年后影响幸福感结果。
采用滚动横断面调查设计，对一大群具有代表性的加拿大人（n = 3613；50.6%为女性）进行了11次纵向抽样（2020年4月至2021年4月）。分析分三个步骤进行：（1）潜在类别分析，以识别疫情早期风险因素（社会人口统计学、认知-人格、健康相关）的异质性；（2）潜在类别增长分析（LCGA），以识别纵向自我同情轨迹；（3）广义线性模型，以检验风险因素类别和自我同情轨迹及其相互作用对后期幸福感（心理健康、感知控制、生活满意度）的影响。
出现了四类风险因素，50.9%的参与者经历低风险，14.3%的参与者经历多种风险，20.8%的参与者经历认知-人格和健康风险，14.0%的参与者经历社会人口统计学和认知-人格风险。还出现了四条自我同情轨迹，47.7%的参与者经历了中高自我同情，先下降然后稳定；32.0%的参与者经历了中度自我同情，先下降然后稳定；17.3%的参与者在整个时间段内经历了高且稳定的自我同情；3.0%的参与者经历了低且不断下降的自我同情。疫情爆发1年后幸福感结果的比较表明，随着时间推移较高水平的自我同情可能会抵御初始风险对幸福感结果的影响。在压力性生活事件期间风险和保护因素经历的异质性方面仍需要进一步研究。
