Li Baojing, Almquist Ylva B, Liu Can, Berg Lisa
Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Karolinska Institutet/Stockholm University, Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
SSM Popul Health. 2023 Feb 7;22:101357. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101357. eCollection 2023 Jun.
There is a paucity of research examining the patterning of socioeconomic disadvantages and mental health problems across multiple generations. The current study therefore aimed to investigate the interconnected transmissions of socioeconomic disadvantages and mental health problems from grandparents to grandchildren through the parents, as well as the extent to which these transmissions differ according to lineage (i.e., through matrilineal/patrilineal descent) and grandchild gender. Drawing on the Stockholm Birth Cohort Multigenerational Study, the sample included 21,416 unique lineages by grandchild gender centered around cohort members born in 1953 (parental generation) as well as their children (grandchild generation) and their parents (grandparental generation). Based on local and national register data, socioeconomic disadvantages were operationalized as low income, and mental health problems as psychiatric disorders. A series of path models based on structural equation modelling were applied to estimate the associations between low income and psychiatric disorders across generations and for each lineage-gender combination. We found a multigenerational transmission of low income through the patriline to grandchildren. Psychiatric disorders were transmitted through both the patriline and matriline, but only to grandsons. The patriline-grandson transmission of psychiatric disorder partially operated via low income of the fathers. Furthermore, grandparents' psychiatric disorders influenced their children's and grandchildren's income. We conclude that there is evidence of transmissions of socioeconomic disadvantages and mental health problems across three generations, although these transmissions differ by lineage and grandchild gender. Our findings further highlight that grandparents' mental health problems could cast a long shadow on their children's and grandchildren's socioeconomic outcomes, and that socioeconomic disadvantages in the intermediate generation may play an important role for the multigenerational transmission of mental health problems.
很少有研究探讨多代人之间社会经济劣势与心理健康问题的模式。因此，本研究旨在调查社会经济劣势和心理健康问题从祖父母通过父母向孙辈的相互关联传递，以及这些传递在多大程度上因血统（即通过母系/父系血统）和孙辈性别而有所不同。利用斯德哥尔摩出生队列多代研究，样本包括以1953年出生的队列成员（父母一代）以及他们的子女（孙辈一代）和父母（祖父母一代）为中心的按孙辈性别划分的21416个独特血统。基于当地和国家登记数据，社会经济劣势被定义为低收入，心理健康问题被定义为精神障碍。应用了一系列基于结构方程模型的路径模型，以估计各代人以及每种血统-性别组合中低收入与精神障碍之间的关联。我们发现低收入通过父系向孙辈进行多代传递。精神障碍通过父系和母系都有传递，但只传递给孙子。精神障碍的父系-孙子传递部分是通过父亲的低收入起作用的。此外，祖父母的精神障碍会影响他们子女和孙辈的收入。我们得出结论，有证据表明社会经济劣势和心理健康问题在三代人之间存在传递，尽管这些传递因血统和孙辈性别而异。我们的研究结果进一步强调，祖父母的心理健康问题可能会对他们子女和孙辈的社会经济结果产生长期影响，而且中间一代的社会经济劣势可能在心理健康问题的多代传递中起重要作用。
