Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, USA.
Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, USA.
Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2023 Feb;80:102155. doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102155. Epub 2023 Feb 26.
The plasma membrane (PM) and its associated cargo are internalized into small vesicles via endocytosis funneling cargo into endosomes. The endosomal system must efficiently deliver cargos, as well as recycle cargo receptors and membrane to maintain homeostasis. In animal cells, endosome trafficking, maturation, and cargo recycling rely on the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton. Microtubules and their associated motor proteins provide the roads on which endosomes move and fuse during cargo sorting and delivery. In addition, highly dynamic assemblies of actin adjust the shape of the endosomal membrane to promote cargo segregation into budding domains allowing for receptor recycling. Recent work has revealed that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) frequently acts as an intermediary between endosomes and their cytoskeletal regulators via membrane contact sites (MCSs). This review will discuss the factors which form these tripartite junction between the ER, endosomes, and the cytoskeleton as well as their function.
质膜（PM）及其相关货物通过胞吞作用被内陷到小泡中，将货物内吞到内体中。内体系统必须有效地输送货物，以及回收货物受体和膜，以维持体内平衡。在动物细胞中，内体运输、成熟和货物回收依赖于肌动蛋白和微管细胞骨架。微管及其相关的马达蛋白为内体在货物分拣和运输过程中的运动和融合提供了道路。此外，肌动蛋白的高度动态组装调整内体膜的形状，以促进货物进入出芽区域，从而允许受体回收。最近的工作表明，内质网（ER）经常通过膜接触位点（MCS）作为内体与其细胞骨架调节剂之间的中介。这篇综述将讨论形成 ER、内体和细胞骨架之间这种三分叉连接的因素及其功能。
