Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, W29, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
German Center for Addiction Research in Childhood and Adolescence, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2024 Dec;55(6):1487-1501. doi: 10.1007/s10578-023-01506-z. Epub 2023 Feb 27.
Gender differences in mental health emerge as early as in childhood and adolescence, highlighting the potential need for gender-specific child and adolescent mental health care. However, it is unclear how gender-specific child and adolescent mental health care is implemented and whether its' approaches are useful. Therefore, this study reviews gender-specific interventions and their effectiveness for child and adolescent mental health. Five databases were searched for articles published between 2000 and 2021. In total, 43 studies were included. Most interventions were conducted in school (n = 15) or community settings (n = 8). Substance-related disorders (n = 13) and eating disorders (n = 12) were addressed most frequently. Most interventions targeted girls (n = 31). Various gender-specific aspects were considered, including gender-specific risk and protective factors (n = 35) and needs (n = 35). Although most interventions yielded significant improvements in mental health outcomes (n = 32), only few studies reported medium or large effect sizes (n = 13). Additionally, there was a lack of strong causal evidence derived from randomized controlled trials, calling for more rigorous trials in the research field. Nevertheless, our findings indicate that gender-specific mental health care can be a promising approach to meet gender-specific mental health needs.
性别差异在儿童和青少年时期就已经出现，这凸显了针对特定性别儿童和青少年心理健康护理的潜在需求。然而，目前尚不清楚如何实施针对特定性别的儿童和青少年心理健康护理，以及其方法是否有效。因此，本研究综述了针对儿童和青少年心理健康的特定性别干预措施及其效果。在 2000 年至 2021 年期间，我们在五个数据库中搜索了相关文章。共纳入了 43 项研究。大多数干预措施是在学校（n=15）或社区环境中进行的（n=8）。涉及最多的干预领域是物质相关障碍（n=13）和饮食障碍（n=12）。大多数干预措施针对女孩（n=31）。考虑了各种特定性别的方面，包括特定性别的风险和保护因素（n=35）和需求（n=35）。尽管大多数干预措施都显著改善了心理健康结果（n=32），但只有少数研究报告了中等或较大的效应量（n=13）。此外，由于缺乏来自随机对照试验的有力因果证据，呼吁在该研究领域开展更严格的试验。尽管如此，我们的研究结果表明，针对特定性别的心理健康护理可能是满足特定性别心理健康需求的一种有前途的方法。
