Milovanovic Stoja, Lukic Ivana, Horvat Gabrijela, Novak Zoran, Frerich Sulamith, Petermann Marcus, García-González Carlos A
Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Łukasiewicz Research Network-New Chemical Syntheses Institute, Al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 13a, 24-110 Puławy, Poland.
Polymers (Basel). 2023 Feb 9;15(4):860. doi: 10.3390/polym15040860.
This review provides a concise overview of up-to-date developments in the processing of neat poly(lactic acid) (PLA), improvement in its properties, and preparation of advanced materials using a green medium (CO under elevated pressure). Pressurized CO in the dense and supercritical state is a superior alternative medium to organic solvents, as it is easily available, fully recyclable, has easily tunable properties, and can be completely removed from the final material without post-processing steps. This review summarizes the state of the art on PLA drying, impregnation, foaming, and particle generation by the employment of dense and supercritical CO for the development of new materials. An analysis of the effect of processing methods on the final material properties was focused on neat PLA and PLA with an addition of natural bioactive components. It was demonstrated that CO-assisted processes enable the control of PLA properties, reduce operating times, and require less energy compared to conventional ones. The described environmentally friendly processing techniques and the versatility of PLA were employed for the preparation of foams, aerogels, scaffolds, microparticles, and nanoparticles, as well as bioactive materials. These PLA-based materials can find application in tissue engineering, drug delivery, active food packaging, compostable packaging, wastewater treatment, or thermal insulation, among others.
本综述简要概述了纯聚乳酸（PLA）加工的最新进展、其性能的改善以及使用绿色介质（高压下的CO₂）制备先进材料的情况。处于致密和超临界状态的加压CO₂是有机溶剂的优质替代介质，因为它易于获取、可完全回收、性能易于调节，并且无需后处理步骤就能从最终材料中完全去除。本综述总结了通过使用致密和超临界CO₂来开发新材料，在PLA干燥、浸渍、发泡和颗粒生成方面的最新技术水平。对加工方法对最终材料性能的影响分析集中在纯PLA和添加了天然生物活性成分的PLA上。结果表明，与传统工艺相比，CO₂辅助工艺能够控制PLA的性能、减少操作时间并降低能耗。所描述的环保加工技术以及PLA的多功能性被用于制备泡沫、气凝胶、支架、微粒和纳米颗粒以及生物活性材料。这些基于PLA的材料可应用于组织工程、药物递送、活性食品包装、可堆肥包装、废水处理或隔热等领域。
