Health Research Centre, Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almería, Carretera del Sacramento s/n, 04120 La Cañada de San Urbano, Almería, Spain.
Hum-498 Research Team, University of Almería, 04120 La Cañada de San Urbano, Almería, Spain.
Sensors (Basel). 2023 Feb 6;23(4):1817. doi: 10.3390/s23041817.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative pathology classified as a movement disorder. Physical exercise within a physiotherapy program is an important element to improve postural stability, balance and mobility in order to reduce falls in people with PD. The aim of this work was to determine the efficacy of specific balance and trunk mobility exercises, as well as their benefits for and effects on patients with idiopathic PD. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to PRISMA standards. The search was performed in five databases: Cochrane Library, SciELO, PEDro, Scopus and PubMed, in February 2022 with the following descriptors: Parkinson's disease, trunk, exercise, therapy and physical therapy. The inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) over the last ten years. A meta-analysis on static and dynamic balance was conducted with the software Review Manager. Nine articles met the objectives and inclusion criteria, with a total of 240 participants. The trials had moderate methodological quality according to the PEDro scale. The studies included differed with regard to intervention protocol and outcome measures. Finally, eight studies were included in a quantitative analysis in which it was shown that trunk-specific exercises interventions did not significantly improve static balance (SMD = -0.10, 95% CI = -0.29, 0.08; = 0.28) or dynamic balance (SMD = 0.64 95% CI = -0.24, 1.52; = 0.15). However, significant differences were found in static balance measured subjectively using the Berg Balance Scale (SMD = -0.52, 95% CI = -1.01, -0.02; = 0.04). Although some differences were not significant, the studies included in this systematic review consider that specific trunk exercises or balance training combined with muscle strengthening in patients with idiopathic PD should be a complement to pharmacological treatment for improving balance dysfunction and postural instability, preventing falls and promoting wellness.
帕金森病（PD）是一种神经退行性疾病，归类为运动障碍。在物理治疗方案中进行体育锻炼是改善姿势稳定性、平衡和移动能力的重要因素，以减少 PD 患者的跌倒。这项工作的目的是确定特定的平衡和躯干灵活性练习的疗效，以及它们对特发性 PD 患者的益处和影响。根据 PRISMA 标准进行了系统评价和荟萃分析。搜索在五个数据库中进行：Cochrane 图书馆、SciELO、PEDro、Scopus 和 PubMed，于 2022 年 2 月使用以下描述词：帕金森病、躯干、运动、治疗和物理治疗。纳入标准为过去十年的随机对照试验（RCT）。使用 Review Manager 软件对静态和动态平衡进行荟萃分析。有 9 篇文章符合目标和纳入标准，共有 240 名参与者。根据 PEDro 量表，这些试验具有中等的方法学质量。研究在干预方案和结果测量方面存在差异。最后，有 8 项研究纳入定量分析，结果表明躯干特定运动干预并未显著改善静态平衡（SMD=-0.10，95%CI=-0.29，0.08； =0.28）或动态平衡（SMD=0.64，95%CI=-0.24，1.52； =0.15）。然而，在使用 Berg 平衡量表主观测量的静态平衡方面发现了显著差异（SMD=-0.52，95%CI=-1.01，-0.02； =0.04）。尽管一些差异不显著，但本系统评价中纳入的研究认为，特发性 PD 患者的躯干特定运动或平衡训练与肌肉强化相结合应作为改善平衡功能障碍和姿势不稳定、预防跌倒和促进健康的药物治疗的补充。
