Kawashima Moe, Saito Hiroaki, Nishiuchi Takamitsu, Yoshimura Hiroki, Wakui Masatoshi, Tani Yuta, Nishikawa Yoshitaka, Omata Fumiya, Takita Morihito, Zhao Tianchen, Yamamoto Chika, Kobashi Yurie, Kawamura Takeshi, Sugiyama Akira, Nakayama Aya, Kaneko Yudai, Sawano Toyoaki, Shibuya Kenji, Kazama Junichiro, Shineha Ryuzaburo, Tsubokura Masaharu
Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1247, Japan.
Soma Central Hospital, Fukushima 976-0016, Japan.
Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Jan 25;11(2):260. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11020260.
Intensive vaccination is recommended for populations more vulnerable to COVID-19 infection, although data regarding the built of immunity after vaccination for dialysis patients are lacking. This prospective, observational cohort study of maintenance hemodialysis patients examined IgG antibody levels against the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S1) protein, neutralizing activity, and interferon gamma levels after the third dose of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) or mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccine. Humoral immunity was repeatedly measured for up to two months. The study includes 58 patients on hemodialysis. Median neutralizing antibodies reached a maximum at 56 and 9 days after booster vaccination with BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273, respectively. The median IgG antibody titer reached a maximum of 3104.38 and 7209.13 AU/mL after 16 days of booster dose, and cellular immunity was positive in 61.9% and 100% of patients with BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccination, respectively. By repeating the measurements over a period of two months, we clarified the chronological aspects of the acquisition of humoral immunity in dialysis patients after a booster COVID-19 vaccination; most dialysis patients acquired not only humoral immunity, but also cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Future research should investigate the continued long-term dynamics of antibody titers and cellular immunity after the third or further vaccinations, evaluating the need for additional vaccinations for hemodialysis patients.
对于更容易感染新冠病毒的人群，建议进行强化疫苗接种，尽管缺乏关于透析患者接种疫苗后免疫形成的数据。这项针对维持性血液透析患者的前瞻性观察队列研究，检测了第三剂BNT162b2（辉瑞-生物科技公司）或mRNA-1273（莫德纳公司）疫苗接种后，针对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）刺突（S1）蛋白的IgG抗体水平、中和活性和干扰素γ水平。对体液免疫进行了长达两个月的反复测量。该研究纳入了58名血液透析患者。分别在接种BNT162b2和mRNA-1273加强针后的56天和9天，中和抗体中位数达到最高值。加强针接种16天后，IgG抗体滴度中位数分别最高达到3104.38和7209.13 AU/mL，接种BNT162b2和mRNA-1273的患者中，细胞免疫阳性率分别为61.9%和100%。通过在两个月的时间内重复测量，我们明确了新冠病毒加强疫苗接种后透析患者获得体液免疫的时间顺序；大多数透析患者不仅获得了体液免疫，还获得了针对SARS-CoV-2的细胞免疫。未来的研究应调查第三次或更多次接种后抗体滴度和细胞免疫的长期动态变化，评估血液透析患者是否需要额外接种疫苗。
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