Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Nat Commun. 2022 Mar 28;13(1):1614. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-29225-4.
SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are crucial in controlling COVID-19, but knowledge of which factors determine waning immunity is limited. We examined antibody levels and T-cell gamma-interferon release after two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine or a combination of ChAdOx1-nCoV19 and BNT162b2 vaccines for up to 230 days after the first dose. Generalized mixed models with and without natural cubic splines were used to determine immunity over time. Antibody responses were influenced by natural infection, sex, and age. IgA only became significant in naturally infected. A one-year IgG projection suggested an initial two-phase response in those given the second dose delayed (ChAdOx1/BNT162b2) followed by a more rapid decrease of antibody levels. T-cell responses correlated significantly with IgG antibody responses. Our results indicate that IgG levels will drop at different rates depending on prior infection, age, sex, T-cell response, and the interval between vaccine injections. Only natural infection mounted a significant and lasting IgA response.
SARS-CoV-2 疫苗对于控制 COVID-19 至关重要，但对于哪些因素决定免疫减弱的了解有限。我们研究了在第一剂后长达 230 天内，接受两剂 BNT162b2 疫苗或 ChAdOx1-nCoV19 和 BNT162b2 疫苗联合接种后，抗体水平和 T 细胞γ干扰素释放情况。使用带有和不带有自然三次样条的广义混合模型来确定随时间推移的免疫情况。抗体反应受到自然感染、性别和年龄的影响。仅在自然感染的情况下 IgA 才变得重要。对接受第二剂疫苗（ChAdOx1/BNT162b2）的人进行了为期一年的 IgG 预测，结果表明最初存在两阶段反应，随后抗体水平迅速下降。T 细胞反应与 IgG 抗体反应显著相关。我们的结果表明，IgG 水平将根据先前的感染、年龄、性别、T 细胞反应和疫苗注射间隔以不同的速度下降。只有自然感染才能引发显著且持久的 IgA 反应。
