Emergency Department, AUSL Romagna, Presidio Ospedaliero Morgagni-Pierantoni, 47121 Forlì, FC, Italy.
Emergency Department, Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Milan, MI, Italy.
Viruses. 2023 Feb 9;15(2):485. doi: 10.3390/v15020485.
Emerging evidence shows that individuals with COVID-19 who survive the acute phase of illness may experience lingering symptoms in the following months. There is no clear indication as to whether these symptoms persist for a short time before resolving or if they persist for a long time. In this review, we will describe the symptoms that persist over time and possible predictors in the acute phase that indicate long-term persistence. Based on the literature available to date, fatigue/weakness, dyspnea, arthromyalgia, depression, anxiety, memory loss, slowing down, difficulty concentrating and insomnia are the most commonly reported persistent long-term symptoms. The extent and persistence of these in long-term follow-up is not clear as there are still no quality studies available. The evidence available today indicates that female subjects and those with a more severe initial disease are more likely to suffer permanent sequelae one year after the acute phase. To understand these complications, and to experiment with interventions and treatments for those at greater risk, we must first understand the physio-pathological mechanisms that sustain them.
新出现的证据表明，患有 COVID-19 的患者在急性期后可能会在接下来的几个月中出现挥之不去的症状。目前尚不清楚这些症状是在短时间内持续存在后缓解，还是长时间持续存在。在这篇综述中，我们将描述随时间推移而持续存在的症状以及急性期中可能预示长期持续存在的预测因素。根据目前可获得的文献，疲劳/虚弱、呼吸困难、肌痛、抑郁、焦虑、记忆力减退、思维迟缓、注意力不集中和失眠是最常报告的持续存在的长期症状。由于目前尚无高质量的研究，因此尚不清楚这些症状在长期随访中的严重程度和持续时间。目前的证据表明，女性患者和初始疾病更严重的患者在急性症状后一年更有可能出现永久性后遗症。为了了解这些并发症，并为那些处于更高风险的人群尝试干预和治疗，我们必须首先了解维持这些并发症的生理病理机制。
