Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.
Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
J Periodontol. 2023 Aug;94(8):1018-1031. doi: 10.1002/JPER.23-0042. Epub 2023 May 9.
The prevalence and severity of periodontitis demonstrates altered population distribution with age, sex, and race and ethnicity. While males exhibit greater frequency of disease, particularly with aging, the underlying basis for this observation remains obscure.
This study used a nonhuman primate (Macaca mulatta) model of experimental ligature-induced periodontitis in adult animals to evaluate gingival transcriptomic differences stratified based upon sex of the animal.
The 18 animals represented humans ages 40-80 years, with gingival tissue samples obtained at baseline, 0.5 months (initiation), 1 and 3 months (progression), and at 5 months that were 60 days after ligature removal for clinical disease resolution. Microarray analysis was used to quantify gene expression profiles in the gingival tissues.
The results demonstrated clear gene expression differences in healthy (baseline) tissues between the sexes, with elevations in females associated with immune responses and elevation in males related to tissue structural genes. With disease initiation, fewer genes differed between the sexes, while these differences were significantly increased in progressing disease and resolution, particularly in male animals. Overexpressed biological processes showed tissue structural/functional genes at initiation, with host response pathways altered during disease progression. Resolution samples generally demonstrated biological processes of cellular metabolism that differed from baseline healthy samples.
The transcriptomic findings support sex as a biological variable in periodontitis using a nonhuman primate model of experimental periodontitis.
牙周炎的患病率和严重程度随着年龄、性别、种族和民族的不同而发生改变。虽然男性疾病的发病率更高，尤其是随着年龄的增长，但这种观察结果的根本原因尚不清楚。
本研究使用实验性结扎诱导的成年动物牙周炎的非人类灵长类（猕猴）模型，根据动物的性别评估牙龈转录组差异。
这 18 只动物代表了年龄在 40-80 岁的人类，在基线、0.5 个月（起始）、1 个月和 3 个月（进展）以及结扎去除后 60 天（临床疾病缓解）时获得牙龈组织样本。微阵列分析用于定量牙龈组织中的基因表达谱。
结果表明，在健康（基线）组织中，男女之间存在明显的基因表达差异，女性的升高与免疫反应有关，男性的升高与组织结构基因有关。随着疾病的开始，男女之间的差异减少，但在进展性疾病和缓解期，这些差异显著增加，尤其是在雄性动物中。过度表达的生物学过程在起始时显示组织结构/功能基因，宿主反应途径在疾病进展过程中发生改变。缓解样本通常表现出与基线健康样本不同的细胞代谢生物学过程。
使用实验性牙周炎的非人类灵长类模型，转录组研究结果支持性别是牙周炎的生物学变量。
