Wahlgren Carl, Forsberg Gustaf, Divanoglou Anestis, Östholm Balkhed Åse, Niward Katarina, Berg Sören, Levi Richard
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
Lancet Reg Health Eur. 2023 May;28:100595. doi: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100595. Epub 2023 Feb 24.
Few studies have reported the long-term health effects of COVID-19. The regional population-based Linköping COVID-19 study (LinCoS) included all patients hospitalised due to COVID-19 during the first pandemic wave. Four months post-discharge, over 40% (185/433) experienced persisting symptoms and activity/participation limitations, indicating post-COVID-19 condition (PCC). The present follow-up study aimed to determine the long-term recovery among these patients 24 months post-admission.
This prospective cohort study included all patients from LinCoS with PCC at four months post-discharge. We repeated the same structured interview at a 24-month follow-up to identify persisting symptoms and their impact on daily life. Intercurrent health issues were identified by reviewing medical records.
Of 185 patients with PCC at 4 months post-discharge, 181 were alive at the 24-month assessment and 165 agreed to participate. Of those, 21% (35/165) had been readmitted to hospital for various causes in the interim period. The majority of patients (139/165, 84%) reported persisting problems affecting everyday life at 24 months. Significant improvements were seen in the prevalence and magnitude of some symptoms/limitations compared with four months post-discharge. Cognitive, sensorimotor, and fatigue symptoms were the most common persisting symptoms at 24 months. No clear difference was evident between individuals treated in the intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU-treated individuals. Approximately half of those who were on sick leave related to PCC at four months after infection were on sick leave at 24 months.
This is one of the first studies to report 2-year outcomes in patients with PCC following COVID-19 hospitalisation. Despite some improvements over time, we found a high prevalence of persisting symptoms and a need for long-term follow-up and rehabilitation post COVID-19 infection.
The study was funded by Region Östergötland.
很少有研究报告新冠病毒病（COVID-19）的长期健康影响。基于地区人口的林雪平COVID-19研究（LinCoS）纳入了在疫情第一波期间因COVID-19住院的所有患者。出院四个月后，超过40%（185/433）的患者仍有持续症状以及活动/参与受限，表明存在新冠后状况（PCC）。本随访研究旨在确定这些患者入院24个月后的长期恢复情况。
这项前瞻性队列研究纳入了LinCoS中所有出院四个月时患有PCC的患者。我们在24个月随访时重复了相同的结构化访谈，以确定持续症状及其对日常生活的影响。通过查阅病历确定并发的健康问题。
出院四个月时患有PCC的185名患者中，181人在24个月评估时存活，165人同意参与。其中，21%（35/165）在此期间因各种原因再次入院。大多数患者（139/165，84%）报告在24个月时仍有影响日常生活的持续问题。与出院四个月相比，一些症状/限制的患病率和严重程度有显著改善。认知、感觉运动和疲劳症状是24个月时最常见的持续症状。在重症监护病房（ICU）接受治疗的患者和未在ICU接受治疗的患者之间没有明显差异。感染后四个月因PCC休病假的患者中，约一半在24个月时仍在休病假。
这是首批报告COVID-19住院后PCC患者两年结局的研究之一。尽管随着时间推移有一些改善，但我们发现持续症状的患病率很高，并且COVID-19感染后需要长期随访和康复。
该研究由东约特兰地区资助。
