Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India.
UIET, Biotechnology Branch, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev. 2024 Apr;40(1):310-340. doi: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2183593. Epub 2023 Mar 1.
Chitinases are multifunctional biocatalysts for the pest control and useful in modern biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. Chemical-based fungicides and insecticides have caused more severe effects on environment and human health. Many pathogenic fungal species and insects became resistant to the chemical pesticides. The resistant fungi emerged as a multidrug resistant also and less susceptible insects are not possible to control adequately. Chitinases have an immense potential to be exploited as a biopesticide against fungi and insects. The direct use of chitinase in liquid formulation or whole microbial enzyme producing cells, both act as antagonistically against the pests. Chitinase can disintegrate the fungal cell wall and insect integument that holds the chitin as a vital structural component. Moreover, chitinase is applied for the synthesis of pharmaceutically important chitooligosaccharides. Chitinase producing microbes have the huge potential to utilize against the waste management of sea food remains like shells of crustaceans. Chitinase is valuable for the synthesis of protoplasts from industrially important fungi, further it act as the biocontrol agent of malaria and dengue fever causing larvae of mosquitoes. Chitinases also have been successfully used in wine and single cell protein producing industries. Present review is illustrating the updated information on the state of the art of different applications of chitinases in agriculture and biotechnology industry. It also bestows the understanding to the readers about the areas of extensively studied and the field where there is still much left to be done.
几丁质酶是用于害虫防治的多功能生物催化剂，在现代生物技术和制药工业中非常有用。基于化学物质的杀菌剂和杀虫剂对环境和人类健康造成了更严重的影响。许多致病真菌和昆虫对化学农药产生了抗性。耐药真菌也出现了多药耐药性，而不易受控制的昆虫则无法充分控制。几丁质酶具有巨大的潜力，可以作为生物农药来防治真菌和昆虫。直接使用液体制剂中的几丁质酶或产生完整微生物酶的细胞，都可以作为对抗害虫的拮抗物。几丁质酶可以分解真菌细胞壁和昆虫外骨骼，这些结构中都含有几丁质作为重要的结构成分。此外，几丁质酶还被用于合成具有重要药用价值的壳寡糖。生产几丁质酶的微生物在利用海鲜废弃物（如甲壳类动物的壳）方面具有巨大的潜力。几丁质酶对于从工业上重要的真菌中合成原生质体也很有价值，它还可以作为疟疾和登革热引起的蚊子幼虫的生物防治剂。几丁质酶也已成功应用于葡萄酒和单细胞蛋白生产行业。本综述介绍了几丁质酶在农业和生物技术行业不同应用的最新信息，使读者了解到广泛研究的领域和仍有大量工作需要完成的领域。
