Wadhwa Khushbu, Kapoor Neha, Kaur Hardeep, Abu-Seer Eman A, Tariq Mohd, Siddiqui Sazada, Yadav Virendra Kumar, Niazi Parwiz, Kumar Pankaj, Alghamdi Saad
Department of Zoology, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
Department of Chemistry, Hindu College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
Mycobiology. 2024 Dec 3;52(6):335-387. doi: 10.1080/12298093.2024.2416736. eCollection 2024.
Fungi and their natural products, like secondary metabolites, have gained a huge demand in the last decade due to their increasing applications in healthcare, environmental cleanup, and biotechnology-based industries. The fungi produce these secondary metabolites (SMs) during the different phases of their growth, which are categorized into terpenoids, alkaloids, polyketides, and non-ribosomal peptides. These SMs exhibit significant biological activity, which contributes to the formulation of novel pharmaceuticals, biopesticides, and environmental bioremediation agents. Nowadays, these fungal-derived SMs are widely used in food and beverages, for fermentation, preservatives, protein sources, and in dairy industries. In healthcare, it is being used as an antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressive drug. The usage of modern tools of biotechnology can achieve an increase in demand for these SMs and large-scale production. The present review comprehensively analyses the diversity of fungal SMs along with their emerging applications in healthcare, agriculture, environmental sustainability, and nutraceuticals. Here, the authors have reviewed the recent advancements in genetic engineering, metabolic pathway manipulation, and synthetic biology to improve the production and yield of these SMs. Advancement in fermentation techniques, bioprocessing, and co-cultivation approaches for large-scale production of SMs. Investigators further highlighted the importance of omics technologies in understanding the regulation and biosynthesis of SMs, which offers an understanding of novel applications in drug discovery and sustainable agriculture. Finally, the authors have addressed the potential for genetic manipulation and biotechnological innovations for further exploitation of fungal SMs for commercial and environmental benefits.
在过去十年中，真菌及其天然产物（如次生代谢产物）因在医疗保健、环境清理和生物技术相关产业中的应用不断增加而获得了巨大的需求。真菌在其生长的不同阶段产生这些次生代谢产物（SMs），这些次生代谢产物可分为萜类、生物碱、聚酮化合物和非核糖体肽。这些SMs具有显著的生物活性，有助于新型药物、生物农药和环境生物修复剂的研发。如今，这些真菌衍生的SMs广泛应用于食品和饮料、发酵、防腐剂、蛋白质来源以及乳制品行业。在医疗保健领域，它被用作抗菌、抗癌、抗炎和免疫抑制药物。生物技术现代工具的使用可以满足对这些SMs不断增长的需求并实现大规模生产。本综述全面分析了真菌SMs的多样性及其在医疗保健、农业、环境可持续性和营养保健品等领域的新兴应用。在此，作者回顾了基因工程、代谢途径操纵和合成生物学方面的最新进展，以提高这些SMs的产量。大规模生产SMs的发酵技术、生物加工和共培养方法的进展。研究人员进一步强调了组学技术在理解SMs的调控和生物合成方面的重要性，这有助于了解其在药物发现和可持续农业中的新应用。最后，作者探讨了基因操作和生物技术创新在进一步开发真菌SMs以实现商业和环境效益方面的潜力。
