Institute of New Technologies and Applied Informatics, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 2, 460 01 Liberec, Czechia.
Institute of Thermomechanics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 5, 182 00 Prague, Czechia.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2023 Feb;153(2):1052. doi: 10.1121/10.0017202.
This article deals with large-eddy simulations of three-dimensional incompressible laryngeal flow followed by acoustic simulations of human phonation of five cardinal English vowels, /ɑ, æ, i, o, u/. The flow and aeroacoustic simulations were performed in OpenFOAM and in-house code openCFS, respectively. Given the large variety of scales in the flow and acoustics, the simulation is separated into two steps: (1) computing the flow in the larynx using the finite volume method on a fine moving grid with 2.2 million elements, followed by (2) computing the sound sources separately and wave propagation to the radiation zone around the mouth using the finite element method on a coarse static grid with 33 000 elements. The numerical results showed that the anisotropic minimum dissipation model, which is not well known since it is not available in common CFD software, predicted stronger sound pressure levels at higher harmonics, and especially at first two formants, than the wall-adapting local eddy-viscosity model. The model on turbulent flow in the larynx was employed and a positive impact on the quality of simulated vowels was found.
本文涉及对三维不可压缩喉部流动的大涡模拟，以及对五个英语单元音 /ɑ, æ, i, o, u/ 的人声声学模拟。流动和空气声学模拟分别在 OpenFOAM 和内部代码 openCFS 中进行。鉴于流动和声学中存在的大量尺度，模拟分为两个步骤：（1）使用有限体积法在精细移动网格上计算喉部流动，网格有 220 万个元素，然后（2）使用有限元法在粗糙静态网格上分别计算声源和波传播到嘴周围的辐射区域，网格有 33000 个元素。数值结果表明，各向异性最小耗散模型（anisotropic minimum dissipation model）预测了更高谐波的更强声压级，特别是在前两个共振峰处，比壁面适应局部涡粘模型（wall-adapting local eddy-viscosity model）要强。采用了喉内湍流模型，并发现对模拟元音的质量有积极影响。
