Schulich School of Music, McGill University, Montreal, Québec H3A 1E3, Canada.
Aix-Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Perception Representations Image Sound Music Laboratory, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7061, Laboratoire d'Informatique et Systèmes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7020, 13009 Marseille, France.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2023 Feb;153(2):797. doi: 10.1121/10.0017100.
Timbre provides an important cue to identify musical instruments. Many timbral attributes covary with other parameters like pitch. This study explores listeners' ability to construct categories of instrumental sound sources from sounds that vary in pitch. Nonmusicians identified 11 instruments from the woodwind, brass, percussion, and plucked and bowed string families. In experiment 1, they were trained to identify instruments playing a pitch of C4, and in experiments 2 and 3, they were trained with a five-tone sequence (F#3-F#4), exposing them to the way timbre varies with pitch. Participants were required to reach a threshold of 75% correct identification in training. In the testing phase, successful listeners heard single tones (experiments 1 and 2) or three-tone sequences from (A3-D#4) (experiment 3) across each instrument's full pitch range to test their ability to generalize identification from the learned sound(s). Identification generalization over pitch varies a great deal across instruments. No significant differences were found between single-pitch and multi-pitch training or testing conditions. Identification rates can be predicted moderately well by spectrograms or modulation spectra. These results suggest that listeners use the most relevant acoustical invariance to identify musical instrument sounds, also using previous experience with the tested instruments.
音品为乐器识别提供了一个重要线索。许多音品属性与音高等其他参数相关。本研究探讨了听众能否根据音高变化的声音构建乐器声源的类别。非音乐家从木管乐器、铜管乐器、打击乐器和弹拨弦乐器家族中识别出 11 种乐器。在实验 1 中，他们接受了识别演奏 C4 音高的乐器的训练，在实验 2 和 3 中，他们接受了五音序列（F#3-F#4）的训练，从而接触到音品随音高变化的方式。参与者需要在训练中达到 75%的正确识别率才能达标。在测试阶段，成功的听众听到了单音（实验 1 和 2）或三音序列（A3-D#4）（实验 3），跨越每个乐器的全音域，以测试他们从所学声音中进行识别泛化的能力。音高变化的识别泛化在不同乐器之间差异很大。在单音和多音训练或测试条件之间未发现显著差异。识别率可以通过声谱图或调制谱中等程度地预测。这些结果表明，听众使用最相关的声学不变性来识别乐器声音，同时也利用了他们对测试乐器的先前经验。
