Chair of Exercise Physiology and Muscle Bioenergetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Ul. Skawinska 8, 31-066, Krakow, Poland.
Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
Sci Rep. 2023 Mar 1;13(1):3502. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-30165-2.
Professional athletes are often exposed to high training loads that may lead to overfatigue, overreaching and overtraining that might have a detrimental effects on vascular health. We determined the effects of high training stress on endothelial function assessed by the flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and markers of glycocalyx shedding. Vascular examination as well as broad biochemical, hormonal and cardiometabolic evaluation of sprint and middle-distance female runners were performed after 2 months of preparatory training period and compared to age-matched control group of women. Female athletes presented with significantly reduced FMD (p < 0.01) and higher basal serum concentrations of hyaluronan (HA) and syndecan-1 (SDC-1) (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively), that was accompanied by significantly lower basal serum testosterone (T) and free testosterone (fT) concentrations (p < 0.05) and higher cortisol (C) concentration (p < 0.05). It resulted in significantly lower T/C and fT/C ratios in athletes when compared to controls (p < 0.01). Moreover, fT/C ratio were significantly positively correlated to FMD and negatively to HA concentrations in all studied women. Accordingly, the training load was significantly negatively correlated with T/C, fT/C and FMD and positively with the concentrations of HA and SDC-1. We concluded that young female track and field athletes subjected to physical training developed impairment of endothelial function that was associated with anabolic-catabolic hormone balance disturbances. Given that training-induced impairment of endothelial function may have a detrimental effects on vascular health, endothelial status should be regularly monitored in the time-course of training process to minimalize vascular health-risk in athletes.
专业运动员经常承受高训练负荷，这可能导致过度疲劳、过度训练，从而对血管健康产生不利影响。我们确定了高训练压力对血管内皮功能的影响，通过血流介导的扩张（FMD）和糖萼脱落标志物来评估。在准备训练期结束后的 2 个月内，对短跑和中长跑女性跑步者进行了血管检查以及广泛的生化、激素和心脏代谢评估，并与年龄匹配的女性对照组进行了比较。女性运动员的 FMD 明显降低（p<0.01），基础血清透明质酸（HA）和 syndecan-1（SDC-1）浓度升高（p<0.05 和 p<0.001），同时基础血清睾酮（T）和游离睾酮（fT）浓度降低（p<0.05），皮质醇（C）浓度升高（p<0.05）。与对照组相比，运动员的 T/C 和 fT/C 比值明显降低（p<0.01）。此外，fT/C 比值与所有研究女性的 FMD 呈显著正相关，与 HA 浓度呈显著负相关。因此，训练负荷与 T/C、fT/C 和 FMD 呈显著负相关，与 HA 和 SDC-1 浓度呈显著正相关。我们得出结论，接受体能训练的年轻女性田径运动员的内皮功能受损，这与合成代谢-分解代谢激素平衡紊乱有关。鉴于训练引起的内皮功能障碍可能对血管健康产生不利影响，因此应在训练过程的时间进程中定期监测内皮状态，以将运动员的血管健康风险降到最低。
