Opt Express. 2023 Feb 27;31(5):8139-8151. doi: 10.1364/OE.482436.
A gyroscope is one of the core components of an inertial navigation system. Both the high sensitivity and miniaturization are important for the applications of the gyroscope. We consider a nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in a nanodiamond, which is levitated either by an optical tweezer or an ion trap. Based on the Sagnac effect, we propose a scheme to measure the angular velocity with ultra-high sensitivity through the matter-wave interferometry of the nanodiamond. Both the decay of the motion of the center of mass of the nanodiamond and the dephasing of the NV centers are included when we estimate the sensitivity of the proposed gyroscope. We also calculate the visibility of the Ramsey fringes, which can be used for estimating the limitation of gyroscope sensitivity. It is found that the sensitivity ∼6.86×10 // can be achieved in an ion trap. As the working area of the gyroscope is extremely small (∼0.01~μm), it could be made on-chip in the future.
陀螺仪是惯性导航系统的核心部件之一。陀螺仪的高灵敏度和微型化对于其应用都很重要。我们考虑悬浮在光学镊子或离子阱中的纳米金刚石中的氮空位（NV）中心。基于萨格纳克效应，我们提出了一种通过纳米金刚石的物质波干涉测量超高角速度灵敏度的方案。在估计所提出的陀螺仪的灵敏度时，我们同时考虑了纳米金刚石质心运动的衰减和 NV 中心的退相。我们还计算了拉姆齐条纹的可见度，这可用于估计陀螺仪灵敏度的限制。结果发现，在离子阱中可以实现灵敏度约为 6.86×10 // 。由于陀螺仪的工作面积非常小（约 0.01~μm），将来可以在芯片上制造。
