Madsen Jesper, Schreven Kees H T, Jensen Gitte H, Johnson Fred A, Nilsson Leif, Nolet Bart A, Pessa Jorma
Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, C. F. Møllers Allé 8, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, NL-6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Theoretical and Computational Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, NL-1090 GE, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Curr Biol. 2023 Mar 27;33(6):1162-1170.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.01.065. Epub 2023 Mar 1.
Many Arctic-breeding animals are at risk from local extirpation associated with habitat constriction and alterations in phenology in their Arctic environment as a result of rapid global warming. Migratory species face additional increasing anthropogenic pressures along their migratory routes such as habitat destruction, droughts, creation of barriers, and overexploitation. Such species can only persist if they adjust their migration, timing of breeding, and range. Here, we document both the abrupt (∼10 years) formation of a new migration route and a disjunct breeding population of the pink-footed goose (Anser brachyrhynchus) on Novaya Zemlya, Russia, almost 1,000 km away from the original breeding grounds in Svalbard. The population has grown to 3,000-4,000 birds, explained by intrinsic growth and continued immigration from the original route. The colonization was enabled by recent warming on Novaya Zemlya. We propose that social behavior of geese, resulting in cultural transmission of migration behavior among conspecifics as well as in mixed-species flocks, is key to this fast development and acts as a mechanism enabling ecological rescue in a rapidly changing world.
由于全球快速变暖，许多在北极繁殖的动物面临着因北极栖息地收缩和物候变化而导致局部灭绝的风险。迁徙物种在其迁徙路线上还面临着日益增加的人为压力，如栖息地破坏、干旱、障碍物的形成以及过度开发。只有当这些物种调整其迁徙、繁殖时间和活动范围时，它们才能生存下去。在此，我们记录了粉脚雁（Anser brachyrhynchus）在俄罗斯新地岛形成一条新的迁徙路线以及一个分散的繁殖种群的突然（约10年）过程，新地岛距离其在斯瓦尔巴群岛的原繁殖地近1000公里。该种群已增长到3000 - 4000只，这是由内在增长以及来自原路线的持续迁入所导致的。新地岛近期的变暖使得这种种群的定殖成为可能。我们认为，鹅的社会行为，导致了迁徙行为在同种个体以及混合物种群体之间的文化传播，是这一快速发展的关键，并作为一种机制，使得在快速变化的世界中实现生态救援成为可能。
