Yousefi Morteza, Naderi Farsani Mehdi, Ghafarifarsani Hamed, Raeeszadeh Mahdieh
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, 117198, Moscow, Russia.
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2023 Apr;135:108652. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108652. Epub 2023 Feb 28.
The present study aimed at determining the effects of Lactobacillus helveticus (LH), Gum Arabic (GA; natural prebiotic), and their combination as synbiotic on growth performance, digestive enzymes activity, gut microbiota, innate immunity status, antioxidant capacity, and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophyla in common carp, Cyprinus carpio for 8 weeks. For this, 735 common carp juveniles (Mean ± standard deviation; 22.51 ± 0.40 g) were fed with 7 different diets including basal diet (C), LH1 (1 × 10 CFU/g), LH2 (1 × 10 CFU/g), GA1 (0.5%), GA2 (1%), LH1+GA1 (1 × 10 CFU/g + 0.5%), and LH2+GA2 (1 × 10 CFU/g + 1%) for 8 weeks. Dietary supplementation with GA and/or LH significantly increased growth performance, WBC, serum total immunoglobulin, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, skin mucus lysozyme and total immunoglobulin and intestinal lactic acid bacteria. Whereas there were significant improvements in various parameters tested in different treatments, the highest improvement in growth performance, WBC, monocyte/neutrophil percentages, serum lysozyme, alternative complement, glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde, skin mucosal alkaline phosphatase, protease, and immunoglobulin, intestinal total bacterial count, protease and amylase activities were observed in the synbiotic treatments, particularly LH1+GA1. After an experimental infection with Aeromonas hydrophila, all experimental treatments exhibited significantly higher survival, compared to the control treatment. The highest survival was related to the synbiotic (particularly LH1+GA1), followed by prebiotic, and probiotic treatments. Overall, synbiotic containing 1 × 10 CFU/g LH + 0.5% GA can improve growth rate and feed efficiency in common carp. Moreover, the synbiotic can improve the antioxidant/innate immune systems and dominate lactic acid bacteria in the fish intestine that may be the reasons of the highest resistance against A. hydrophila infection.
本研究旨在确定瑞士乳杆菌（LH）、阿拉伯胶（GA；天然益生元）及其作为合生元的组合对鲤鱼（Cyprinus carpio）生长性能、消化酶活性、肠道微生物群、先天免疫状态、抗氧化能力以及对嗜水气单胞菌的抗病能力的影响，为期8周。为此，用7种不同的饲料喂养735尾鲤鱼幼鱼（平均值±标准差；22.51±0.40克），包括基础饲料（C）、LH1（1×10⁸CFU/g）、LH2（1×10⁹CFU/g）、GA1（0.5%）、GA2（1%）、LH1+GA1（1×10⁸CFU/g + 0.5%）和LH2+GA2（1×10⁹CFU/g + 1%），持续8周。日粮中添加GA和/或LH显著提高了生长性能、白细胞、血清总免疫球蛋白、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性、皮肤黏液溶菌酶和总免疫球蛋白以及肠道乳酸菌。虽然不同处理中测试的各种参数都有显著改善，但在合生元处理中，尤其是LH1+GA1，生长性能、白细胞、单核细胞/中性粒细胞百分比、血清溶菌酶、替代补体、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和丙二醛、皮肤黏膜碱性磷酸酶、蛋白酶和免疫球蛋白、肠道总细菌数、蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性的改善最为显著。在用嗜水气单胞菌进行实验感染后，与对照处理相比，所有实验处理的存活率均显著提高。最高存活率与合生元（尤其是LH1+GA1）相关，其次是益生元处理和益生菌处理。总体而言，含有1×10⁸CFU/g LH + 0.5% GA的合生元可以提高鲤鱼的生长速度和饲料效率。此外，合生元可以改善抗氧化/先天免疫系统，并在鱼肠道中占主导地位的乳酸菌，这可能是对嗜水气单胞菌感染具有最高抵抗力的原因。
