Clokey Joseph E, Hawker Darryl W, Verhagen Rory, Ghorbani Gorji Sara, Knight Emma R, Thomas Kevin V, Kaserzon Sarit L
The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
Griffith University, School of Environment and Science, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 May 20;874:162497. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162497. Epub 2023 Feb 28.
Water resources are vulnerable to contamination from polar organic compounds (POCs) originating from sources such as wastewater effluent. Two configurations of a microporous polyethylene tube (MPT) passive sampler were investigated for the time-integrative detection and quantification of POCs in effluent. One configuration contained the polymeric reversed phase sorbent Strata-X (SX) and the other Strata-X suspended in agarose gel (SX-Gel). These were deployed for up to 29 days and analysed for forty-nine POCs including pesticides, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) together with illicit drugs. Complementary composite samples were collected on days 6, 12, 20 and 26 representing the previous 24 h. Thirty-eight contaminants were detected in composite samples and MPT extracts, with MPT sampling rates (R) for 11 pesticides and 9 PPCPs/drugs ranging from 0.81 to 10.32 mL d in SX and 1.35-32.83 mL d in SX-Gel. Half-times to equilibrium of contaminants with the SX and SX-Gel equipped samplers ranged from two days to >29 days. MPT (SX) samplers were also deployed at 10 wastewater treatment effluent discharge sites across Australia for 7 days (again with complementary composite samples), to validate the sampler performance under varying conditions. Extracts from these MPTs detected 48 contaminants in comparison with 46 in composite samples, with concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 138 ng mL. An advantage of the MPT was preconcentration of contaminants, resulting in extract levels often markedly above instrument analytical detection limits. The validation study demonstrated a high correlation between accumulated contaminant mass in the MPTs and wastewater concentrations from composite samples (r > 0.70, where concentrations in composite samples were > 3× LOD). The MPT sampler shows promise as a sensitive tool for detecting POCs at trace levels in wastewater effluent and also quantifying these levels if temporal concentration variations are not significant.
水资源很容易受到源自废水等来源的极性有机化合物（POC）的污染。研究了微孔聚乙烯管（MPT）被动采样器的两种配置，用于对废水中的POC进行时间积分检测和定量。一种配置包含聚合物反相吸附剂Strata-X（SX），另一种是悬浮在琼脂糖凝胶中的Strata-X（SX-Gel）。将它们部署长达29天，并分析了49种POC，包括农药、药品和个人护理产品（PPCP）以及非法药物。在第6、12、20和26天收集了代表前24小时的补充复合样品。在复合样品和MPT提取物中检测到38种污染物，SX中11种农药和9种PPCP/药物的MPT采样率（R）为0.81至10.32 mL/d，SX-Gel中为1.35 - 32.83 mL/d。配备SX和SX-Gel采样器的污染物达到平衡的半衰期为两天至>29天。MPT（SX）采样器还在澳大利亚的10个废水处理排放点部署了7天（同样有补充复合样品），以验证不同条件下采样器的性能。与复合样品中的46种相比，这些MPT的提取物检测到48种污染物，浓度范围为0.1至138 ng/mL。MPT的一个优点是污染物的预浓缩，导致提取物水平通常明显高于仪器分析检测限。验证研究表明，MPT中累积的污染物质量与复合样品中的废水浓度之间具有高度相关性（r > 0.70，其中复合样品中的浓度> 3×LOD）。MPT采样器有望成为一种灵敏的工具，用于检测废水中痕量水平的POC，并且如果时间浓度变化不显著，还可对这些水平进行定量。
