Soriano Yolanda, Alvarez-Ruiz Rodrigo, Clokey Joseph E, Gorji Sara Ghorbani, Kaserzon Sarit L, Picó Yolanda
Food and Environmental Safety Research Group of the University of Valencia (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre (CIDE) CSIC-GV-UV, Valencia, Spain.
Food and Environmental Safety Research Group of the University of Valencia (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre (CIDE) CSIC-GV-UV, Valencia, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Dec 10;903:166594. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166594. Epub 2023 Aug 26.
L'Albufera Natural Park (Valencia, Spain) is a protected wetland of international significance that provides critical habitats to endemic and threatened bird and plant species. This study aims to use multiple cross-validation techniques to generate an accurate estimation of the environmental risk of organic contaminants (OCs) in an internationally important coastal wetland, to identify compounds of concern and their potential sources and risk factors. Microporous polyethylene tube (MPT) passive samplers were deployed at 12 locations across L'Albufera Natural Park with concurrent grab samples collected. A subset of MPT samplers were also analysed by an additional laboratory in Australia to widen the range of contaminants and assess interlaboratory reproducibility of results. Forty-three pesticides, 20 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), 20 per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and 4 organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) were detected in the MPT samplers. The fungicides tebuconazole and difenoconazole were detected at the highest concentrations in passive samplers (maximum concentrations, 153 ng sampler and 106 ng sampler, respectively). Several other pesticides were detected in all locations (mean concentrations >1 ng sampler). The compounds fenamiphos, propyzamide, difenoconazole, propiconazole, metsulfuron methyl, sodium bis (perfluorohexyl) phosphinate (6:6 PFPiA), 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonamide alkylbetaine (6:2 FTAB), 6:2 fluorotelomersulfonate (6:2 FTS), citalopram desmethyl and citalopram were reported in the wetland for the first time. Spatial distribution analysis revealed higher pesticide concentrations in the North of L'Albufera. A risk quotient (RQ) analysis showed that ibuprofen is of concern in the area. Overall, the MPT sampling approach is promising as a risk assessment tool for better understanding the transport and fate of OCs in protected areas.
阿尔布费拉自然公园（西班牙巴伦西亚）是具有国际重要意义的受保护湿地，为当地特有和受威胁的鸟类及植物物种提供关键栖息地。本研究旨在运用多种交叉验证技术，准确估算一个具有国际重要性的沿海湿地中有机污染物（OCs）的环境风险，识别关注的化合物及其潜在来源和风险因素。在阿尔布费拉自然公园的12个地点部署了微孔聚乙烯管（MPT）被动采样器，并同时采集了抓取样本。还将一部分MPT采样器送往澳大利亚的另一家实验室进行分析，以扩大污染物范围并评估实验室间结果的重现性。在MPT采样器中检测到了43种农药、20种药品和个人护理产品（PPCPs）、20种全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）以及4种有机磷阻燃剂（OPFRs）。杀菌剂戊唑醇和苯醚甲环唑在被动采样器中的检测浓度最高（最大浓度分别为153纳克/采样器和106纳克/采样器）。在所有地点都检测到了其他几种农药（平均浓度>1纳克/采样器）。在该湿地中首次报告了苯线磷、敌稗、苯醚甲环唑、丙环唑、甲磺隆、双（全氟己基）次膦酸钠（6:6 PFPiA）、6:2氟调聚物磺酰胺烷基甜菜碱（6:2 FTAB）、6:2氟调聚物磺酸盐（6:2 FTS）、西酞普兰去甲基物和西酞普兰。空间分布分析显示，阿尔布费拉北部的农药浓度较高。风险商数（RQ）分析表明，布洛芬在该地区值得关注。总体而言，MPT采样方法作为一种风险评估工具，有望更好地了解保护区内有机污染物的迁移和归宿。
