Merin K A, Shaji Merin, Kameswaran R
Doctor of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, J. K. K Nattraja College of Pharmacy, Kumarapalayam, Tamil Nadu, India.
Department of Pharmacy Practice, J. K. K Nattraja College of Pharmacy, Kumarapalayam, Tamil Nadu, India.
Indian J Dermatol. 2022 Sep-Oct;67(5):625. doi: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_1092_20.
Skin is the thin layer of tissue forming the natural integumentary system of the body that acts as a barrier to protect it from exogenous and endogenous factors that induce undesirable biological responses in the body. Among these risk factors, skin damage triggered by solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is an escalating problem in dermatology with an increased incidence of acute and chronic cutaneous reactions. Several epidemiological studies have provided evidence for both beneficial and harmful effects of sunlight, particularly the solar UVR exposure of human beings. Due to overexposure to solar UVR on the earth's surface, outdoor professionals such as farmers, rural workers, builders and road workers are most vulnerable to developing occupational skin diseases. Indoor tanning is also associated with increased risks for various dermatological diseases. Sunburn is described as the erythematic acute cutaneous response in addition to increased melanin and apoptosis of keratinocytes to prevent skin carcinoma. Alterations in molecular, pigmentary and morphological characteristics cause carcinogenic progression in skin malignancies and premature ageing of the skin. Solar UV damage leads to immunosuppressive skin diseases such as phototoxic and photoallergic reactions. UV-induced pigmentation persists for a longer time, called long-lasting pigmentation. Sunscreen is the most mentioned skin protective behaviour and it is the most promoted part of the sun smart message along with other effective skin protection strategies such as clothing, that is, long sleeves, hats and sunglasses.
皮肤是构成人体自然皮肤系统的薄层组织，它作为一道屏障，保护身体免受会在体内引发不良生物反应的外源性和内源性因素的影响。在这些风险因素中，太阳紫外线辐射（UVR）引发的皮肤损伤在皮肤病学领域是一个日益严重的问题，急性和慢性皮肤反应的发病率不断上升。多项流行病学研究已证实阳光，尤其是人类暴露于太阳UVR既有有益影响也有有害影响。由于地球表面太阳UVR暴露过度，农民、农村工人、建筑工人和道路工人等户外工作者最易患职业性皮肤病。室内晒黑也与患各种皮肤病的风险增加有关。晒伤被描述为除了黑色素增加和角质形成细胞凋亡以预防皮肤癌之外的红斑性急性皮肤反应。分子、色素沉着和形态特征的改变会导致皮肤恶性肿瘤的致癌进展和皮肤过早老化。太阳紫外线损伤会导致免疫抑制性皮肤病，如光毒性和光变应性反应。紫外线引起的色素沉着会持续较长时间，称为持久性色素沉着。防晒霜是最常被提及的皮肤保护行为，它与衣物等其他有效的皮肤保护策略（即长袖、帽子和太阳镜）一样，是“明智防晒”信息中最受推广的部分。
